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Reassessment of the Enteropathogenicity of Mesophilic Aeromonas Species
Cases of Aeromonas diarrhea have been described all over the world. The genus Aeromonas includes ca. 30 species, of which 10 have been isolated in association with gastroenteritis. The dominating species that account for ca. 96% of the identified strains are Aeromonas caviae, A. veronii, A. dhakensi...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5030306/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27708621 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01395 |
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author | Teunis, Peter Figueras, Maria J. |
author_facet | Teunis, Peter Figueras, Maria J. |
author_sort | Teunis, Peter |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cases of Aeromonas diarrhea have been described all over the world. The genus Aeromonas includes ca. 30 species, of which 10 have been isolated in association with gastroenteritis. The dominating species that account for ca. 96% of the identified strains are Aeromonas caviae, A. veronii, A. dhakensis, and A. hydrophila. However, the role of Aeromonas as a true enteropathogen has been questioned on the basis of the lack of outbreaks, the non-fulfillment of Koch’s postulates and the low numbers of acute illnesses in the only existing human challenge study. In the present study we reassess the enteropathogenicity of Aeromonas using dose response models for microbial infection and acute illness. The analysis uses the data from the human challenge study and additional data from selected outbreak investigations where the numbers exposed and the dose were reported, allowing their inclusion as “natural experiments”. In the challenge study several cases of asymptomatic shedding were found (26.3%, 15/57), however, only 3.5% (2/57) of those challenged with Aeromonas developed acute enteric symptoms (i.e., diarrhea). The “natural experiments” showed a much higher risk of illness associated with exposure to Aeromonas, even at moderate to low doses. The median dose required for 1% illness risk, was ~1.4 × 10(4) times higher in the challenge study (1.24 × 10(4) cfu) compared to natural exposure events (0.9 cfu). The dose response assessment presented in this study shows that the combined challenge and outbreak data are consistent with high infectivity of Aeromonas, and a wide range of susceptibility to acute enteric illness. To illustrate the outcomes, we simulate the risk associated with concentrations of Aeromonas found in different water and food matrices, indicating the disease burden potentially associated with these bacteria. In conclusion this study showed that Aeromonas is highly infectious, and that human susceptibility to illness may be high, similar to undisputed enteropathogens like Campylobacter or Salmonella. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5030306 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50303062016-10-05 Reassessment of the Enteropathogenicity of Mesophilic Aeromonas Species Teunis, Peter Figueras, Maria J. Front Microbiol Microbiology Cases of Aeromonas diarrhea have been described all over the world. The genus Aeromonas includes ca. 30 species, of which 10 have been isolated in association with gastroenteritis. The dominating species that account for ca. 96% of the identified strains are Aeromonas caviae, A. veronii, A. dhakensis, and A. hydrophila. However, the role of Aeromonas as a true enteropathogen has been questioned on the basis of the lack of outbreaks, the non-fulfillment of Koch’s postulates and the low numbers of acute illnesses in the only existing human challenge study. In the present study we reassess the enteropathogenicity of Aeromonas using dose response models for microbial infection and acute illness. The analysis uses the data from the human challenge study and additional data from selected outbreak investigations where the numbers exposed and the dose were reported, allowing their inclusion as “natural experiments”. In the challenge study several cases of asymptomatic shedding were found (26.3%, 15/57), however, only 3.5% (2/57) of those challenged with Aeromonas developed acute enteric symptoms (i.e., diarrhea). The “natural experiments” showed a much higher risk of illness associated with exposure to Aeromonas, even at moderate to low doses. The median dose required for 1% illness risk, was ~1.4 × 10(4) times higher in the challenge study (1.24 × 10(4) cfu) compared to natural exposure events (0.9 cfu). The dose response assessment presented in this study shows that the combined challenge and outbreak data are consistent with high infectivity of Aeromonas, and a wide range of susceptibility to acute enteric illness. To illustrate the outcomes, we simulate the risk associated with concentrations of Aeromonas found in different water and food matrices, indicating the disease burden potentially associated with these bacteria. In conclusion this study showed that Aeromonas is highly infectious, and that human susceptibility to illness may be high, similar to undisputed enteropathogens like Campylobacter or Salmonella. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5030306/ /pubmed/27708621 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01395 Text en Copyright © 2016 Teunis and Figueras. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Teunis, Peter Figueras, Maria J. Reassessment of the Enteropathogenicity of Mesophilic Aeromonas Species |
title | Reassessment of the Enteropathogenicity of Mesophilic Aeromonas Species |
title_full | Reassessment of the Enteropathogenicity of Mesophilic Aeromonas Species |
title_fullStr | Reassessment of the Enteropathogenicity of Mesophilic Aeromonas Species |
title_full_unstemmed | Reassessment of the Enteropathogenicity of Mesophilic Aeromonas Species |
title_short | Reassessment of the Enteropathogenicity of Mesophilic Aeromonas Species |
title_sort | reassessment of the enteropathogenicity of mesophilic aeromonas species |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5030306/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27708621 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01395 |
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