Immediate Discharge and Home Treatment With Rivaroxaban of Low‐risk Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosed in Two U.S. Emergency Departments: A One‐year Preplanned Analysis

OBJECTIVES: The study hypothesis was that a target‐specific anticoagulant would allow successful home treatment of selected patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed in two urban emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: A protocol was established for treating low‐risk DVT or PE patients with rivaroxaban and clinic, follow‐up at both 2 to 5 weeks, and 3 to 6 months. Patients were determined to be low‐risk by using a modified version of the Hestia criteria, supplemented by additional criteria for patients with active cancer. Acceptable outcome rates were defined as venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence ≤ 2.1% or bleeding ≤ 9.4% during treatment. VTE recurrence required positive imaging of any VTE. The International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis definition of major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding was used. RESULTS: From March 2013 through April 2014, a total of 106 patients were treated. Seventy‐one (68%) had DVT, 30 (28%) had PE, and five (3%) had both, representing 51% of all DVTs and 27% of all PEs diagnosed in both EDs during the period of study. The 106 patients have been followed for a mean (±SD) of 389 (±111) days (range = 213 to 594 days). No patient had VTE recurrence, and no patient had a major or clinically relevant bleeding event while on therapy (none of the 106, 0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0% to 3.4%). However, three patients 2.8% (95% CI = 1% to 8%) had recurrent DVT after cessation of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients diagnosed with VTE and immediately discharged from the ED while treated with rivaroxaban had a low rate of VTE recurrence and bleeding.