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Positive Selection Drives Rapid Evolution of the meq Oncogene of Marek’s Disease Virus
Marek’s disease (MD), caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), a poultry-borne alphaherpesvirus, is a devastating disease of poultry causing an estimated annual loss of one billion dollars to poultry producers, worldwide. Despite decades of control through vaccination, MDV field strains continue to em...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5035050/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27662574 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162180 |
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author | Padhi, Abinash Parcells, Mark S. |
author_facet | Padhi, Abinash Parcells, Mark S. |
author_sort | Padhi, Abinash |
collection | PubMed |
description | Marek’s disease (MD), caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), a poultry-borne alphaherpesvirus, is a devastating disease of poultry causing an estimated annual loss of one billion dollars to poultry producers, worldwide. Despite decades of control through vaccination, MDV field strains continue to emerge having increased virulence. The evolutionary mechanism driving the emergence of this continuum of strains to increased MDV virulence, however, remains largely enigmatic. Increase in MDV virulence has been associated with specific amino acid changes within the C-terminus domain of Mareks’s EcoRI-Q (meq)-encoded oncoprotein. In this study, we sought to determine whether the meq gene has evolved adaptively and whether past vaccination efforts have had any significant effect on the reduction or increase of MDV diversity over time. Our analysis suggests that meq is estimated to be evolving at a much faster rate than most dsDNA viruses, and is comparable with the evolutionary rate of RNA viruses. Interestingly, most of the polymorphisms in meq gene appear to have evolved under positive selection and the time of divergence at the meq locus coincides with the period during which the poultry industry had undergone transitions in management practices including the introduction and widespread use of live attenuated vaccines. Our study has revealed that the decades-long use of vaccines did not reduce MDV diversity, but rather had a stimulating effect on the emergence of field strains with increased genetic diversity until the early 2000s. During the years 2004–2005, there was an abrupt decline in the genetic diversity of field isolates followed by a recovery from this bottleneck in the year 2010. Collectively, these data suggest that vaccination seems to not have had any effect on MDV eradication, but rather had a stimulating effect on MDV emergence through adaptation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5035050 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50350502016-10-10 Positive Selection Drives Rapid Evolution of the meq Oncogene of Marek’s Disease Virus Padhi, Abinash Parcells, Mark S. PLoS One Research Article Marek’s disease (MD), caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), a poultry-borne alphaherpesvirus, is a devastating disease of poultry causing an estimated annual loss of one billion dollars to poultry producers, worldwide. Despite decades of control through vaccination, MDV field strains continue to emerge having increased virulence. The evolutionary mechanism driving the emergence of this continuum of strains to increased MDV virulence, however, remains largely enigmatic. Increase in MDV virulence has been associated with specific amino acid changes within the C-terminus domain of Mareks’s EcoRI-Q (meq)-encoded oncoprotein. In this study, we sought to determine whether the meq gene has evolved adaptively and whether past vaccination efforts have had any significant effect on the reduction or increase of MDV diversity over time. Our analysis suggests that meq is estimated to be evolving at a much faster rate than most dsDNA viruses, and is comparable with the evolutionary rate of RNA viruses. Interestingly, most of the polymorphisms in meq gene appear to have evolved under positive selection and the time of divergence at the meq locus coincides with the period during which the poultry industry had undergone transitions in management practices including the introduction and widespread use of live attenuated vaccines. Our study has revealed that the decades-long use of vaccines did not reduce MDV diversity, but rather had a stimulating effect on the emergence of field strains with increased genetic diversity until the early 2000s. During the years 2004–2005, there was an abrupt decline in the genetic diversity of field isolates followed by a recovery from this bottleneck in the year 2010. Collectively, these data suggest that vaccination seems to not have had any effect on MDV eradication, but rather had a stimulating effect on MDV emergence through adaptation. Public Library of Science 2016-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC5035050/ /pubmed/27662574 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162180 Text en © 2016 Padhi, Parcells http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Padhi, Abinash Parcells, Mark S. Positive Selection Drives Rapid Evolution of the meq Oncogene of Marek’s Disease Virus |
title | Positive Selection Drives Rapid Evolution of the meq Oncogene of Marek’s Disease Virus |
title_full | Positive Selection Drives Rapid Evolution of the meq Oncogene of Marek’s Disease Virus |
title_fullStr | Positive Selection Drives Rapid Evolution of the meq Oncogene of Marek’s Disease Virus |
title_full_unstemmed | Positive Selection Drives Rapid Evolution of the meq Oncogene of Marek’s Disease Virus |
title_short | Positive Selection Drives Rapid Evolution of the meq Oncogene of Marek’s Disease Virus |
title_sort | positive selection drives rapid evolution of the meq oncogene of marek’s disease virus |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5035050/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27662574 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162180 |
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