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Guanosine: a Neuromodulator with Therapeutic Potential in Brain Disorders

Guanosine is a purine nucleoside with important functions in cell metabolism and a protective role in response to degenerative diseases or injury. The past decade has seen major advances in identifying the modulatory role of extracellular action of guanosine in the central nervous system (CNS). Evid...

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Autores principales: Lanznaster, Débora, Dal-Cim, Tharine, Piermartiri, Tetsadê C. B., Tasca, Carla I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: JKL International LLC 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5036959/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27699087
http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2016.0208
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author Lanznaster, Débora
Dal-Cim, Tharine
Piermartiri, Tetsadê C. B.
Tasca, Carla I.
author_facet Lanznaster, Débora
Dal-Cim, Tharine
Piermartiri, Tetsadê C. B.
Tasca, Carla I.
author_sort Lanznaster, Débora
collection PubMed
description Guanosine is a purine nucleoside with important functions in cell metabolism and a protective role in response to degenerative diseases or injury. The past decade has seen major advances in identifying the modulatory role of extracellular action of guanosine in the central nervous system (CNS). Evidence from rodent and cell models show a number of neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of guanosine preventing deleterious consequences of seizures, spinal cord injury, pain, mood disorders and aging-related diseases, such as ischemia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. The present review describes the findings of in vivo and in vitro studies and offers an update of guanosine effects in the CNS. We address the protein targets for guanosine action and its interaction with glutamatergic and adenosinergic systems and with calcium-activated potassium channels. We also discuss the intracellular mechanisms modulated by guanosine preventing oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory burden and modulation of glutamate transport. New and exciting avenues for future investigation into the protective effects of guanosine include characterization of a selective guanosine receptor. A better understanding of the neuromodulatory action of guanosine will allow the development of therapeutic approach to brain diseases.
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spelling pubmed-50369592016-10-04 Guanosine: a Neuromodulator with Therapeutic Potential in Brain Disorders Lanznaster, Débora Dal-Cim, Tharine Piermartiri, Tetsadê C. B. Tasca, Carla I. Aging Dis Review Article Guanosine is a purine nucleoside with important functions in cell metabolism and a protective role in response to degenerative diseases or injury. The past decade has seen major advances in identifying the modulatory role of extracellular action of guanosine in the central nervous system (CNS). Evidence from rodent and cell models show a number of neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of guanosine preventing deleterious consequences of seizures, spinal cord injury, pain, mood disorders and aging-related diseases, such as ischemia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. The present review describes the findings of in vivo and in vitro studies and offers an update of guanosine effects in the CNS. We address the protein targets for guanosine action and its interaction with glutamatergic and adenosinergic systems and with calcium-activated potassium channels. We also discuss the intracellular mechanisms modulated by guanosine preventing oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory burden and modulation of glutamate transport. New and exciting avenues for future investigation into the protective effects of guanosine include characterization of a selective guanosine receptor. A better understanding of the neuromodulatory action of guanosine will allow the development of therapeutic approach to brain diseases. JKL International LLC 2016-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5036959/ /pubmed/27699087 http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2016.0208 Text en Copyright: © 2016 Lanznaster D. et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
spellingShingle Review Article
Lanznaster, Débora
Dal-Cim, Tharine
Piermartiri, Tetsadê C. B.
Tasca, Carla I.
Guanosine: a Neuromodulator with Therapeutic Potential in Brain Disorders
title Guanosine: a Neuromodulator with Therapeutic Potential in Brain Disorders
title_full Guanosine: a Neuromodulator with Therapeutic Potential in Brain Disorders
title_fullStr Guanosine: a Neuromodulator with Therapeutic Potential in Brain Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Guanosine: a Neuromodulator with Therapeutic Potential in Brain Disorders
title_short Guanosine: a Neuromodulator with Therapeutic Potential in Brain Disorders
title_sort guanosine: a neuromodulator with therapeutic potential in brain disorders
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5036959/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27699087
http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2016.0208
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