Cargando…

Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: A guide for complications

Rubber band ligation is one of the most important, cost-effective and commonly used treatments for internal hemorrhoids. Different technical approaches were developed mainly to improve efficacy and safety. The technique can be employed using an endoscope with forward-view or retroflexion or without...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Albuquerque, Andreia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721924
http://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v8.i9.614
_version_ 1782455715401564160
author Albuquerque, Andreia
author_facet Albuquerque, Andreia
author_sort Albuquerque, Andreia
collection PubMed
description Rubber band ligation is one of the most important, cost-effective and commonly used treatments for internal hemorrhoids. Different technical approaches were developed mainly to improve efficacy and safety. The technique can be employed using an endoscope with forward-view or retroflexion or without an endoscope, using a suction elastic band ligator or a forceps ligator. Single or multiple ligations can be performed in a single session. Local anaesthetic after ligation can also be used to reduce the post-procedure pain. Mild bleeding, pain, vaso-vagal symptoms, slippage of bands, priapism, difficulty in urination, anal fissure, and chronic longitudinal ulcers are normally considered minor complications, more frequently encountered. Massive bleeding, thrombosed hemorrhoids, severe pain, urinary retention needing catheterization, pelvic sepsis and death are uncommon major complications. Mild pain after rubber band ligation is the most common complication with a high frequency in some studies. Secondary bleeding normally occurs 10 to 14 d after banding and patients taking anti-platelet and/or anti-coagulant medication have a higher risk, with some reports of massive life-threatening haemorrhage. Several infectious complications have also been reported including pelvic sepsis, Fournier’s gangrene, liver abscesses, tetanus and bacterial endocarditis. To date, seven deaths due to these infectious complications were described. Early recognition and immediate treatment of complications are fundamental for a favourable prognosis.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5037334
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-50373342016-10-09 Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: A guide for complications Albuquerque, Andreia World J Gastrointest Surg Minireviews Rubber band ligation is one of the most important, cost-effective and commonly used treatments for internal hemorrhoids. Different technical approaches were developed mainly to improve efficacy and safety. The technique can be employed using an endoscope with forward-view or retroflexion or without an endoscope, using a suction elastic band ligator or a forceps ligator. Single or multiple ligations can be performed in a single session. Local anaesthetic after ligation can also be used to reduce the post-procedure pain. Mild bleeding, pain, vaso-vagal symptoms, slippage of bands, priapism, difficulty in urination, anal fissure, and chronic longitudinal ulcers are normally considered minor complications, more frequently encountered. Massive bleeding, thrombosed hemorrhoids, severe pain, urinary retention needing catheterization, pelvic sepsis and death are uncommon major complications. Mild pain after rubber band ligation is the most common complication with a high frequency in some studies. Secondary bleeding normally occurs 10 to 14 d after banding and patients taking anti-platelet and/or anti-coagulant medication have a higher risk, with some reports of massive life-threatening haemorrhage. Several infectious complications have also been reported including pelvic sepsis, Fournier’s gangrene, liver abscesses, tetanus and bacterial endocarditis. To date, seven deaths due to these infectious complications were described. Early recognition and immediate treatment of complications are fundamental for a favourable prognosis. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2016-09-27 2016-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC5037334/ /pubmed/27721924 http://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v8.i9.614 Text en ©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.
spellingShingle Minireviews
Albuquerque, Andreia
Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: A guide for complications
title Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: A guide for complications
title_full Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: A guide for complications
title_fullStr Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: A guide for complications
title_full_unstemmed Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: A guide for complications
title_short Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: A guide for complications
title_sort rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: a guide for complications
topic Minireviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721924
http://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v8.i9.614
work_keys_str_mv AT albuquerqueandreia rubberbandligationofhemorrhoidsaguideforcomplications