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Development of Toxicological Risk Assessment Models for Acute and Chronic Exposure to Pollutants

Alert level frameworks advise agencies on a sequence of monitoring and management actions, and are implemented so as to reduce the risk of the public coming into contact with hazardous substances. Their effectiveness relies on the detection of the hazard, but with many systems not receiving any regu...

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Autores principales: Reichwaldt, Elke S., Stone, Daniel, Barrington, Dani J., Sinang, Som C., Ghadouani, Anas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037477/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27589798
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8090251
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author Reichwaldt, Elke S.
Stone, Daniel
Barrington, Dani J.
Sinang, Som C.
Ghadouani, Anas
author_facet Reichwaldt, Elke S.
Stone, Daniel
Barrington, Dani J.
Sinang, Som C.
Ghadouani, Anas
author_sort Reichwaldt, Elke S.
collection PubMed
description Alert level frameworks advise agencies on a sequence of monitoring and management actions, and are implemented so as to reduce the risk of the public coming into contact with hazardous substances. Their effectiveness relies on the detection of the hazard, but with many systems not receiving any regular monitoring, pollution events often go undetected. We developed toxicological risk assessment models for acute and chronic exposure to pollutants that incorporate the probabilities that the public will come into contact with undetected pollution events, to identify the level of risk a system poses in regards to the pollutant. As a proof of concept, we successfully demonstrated that the models could be applied to determine probabilities of acute and chronic illness types related to recreational activities in waterbodies containing cyanotoxins. Using the acute model, we identified lakes that present a ‘high’ risk to develop Day Away From Work illness, and lakes that present a ‘low’ or ‘medium’ risk to develop First Aid Cases when used for swimming. The developed risk models succeeded in categorising lakes according to their risk level to the public in an objective way. Modelling by how much the probability of public exposure has to decrease to lower the risks to acceptable levels will enable authorities to identify suitable control measures and monitoring strategies. We suggest broadening the application of these models to other contaminants.
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spelling pubmed-50374772016-09-29 Development of Toxicological Risk Assessment Models for Acute and Chronic Exposure to Pollutants Reichwaldt, Elke S. Stone, Daniel Barrington, Dani J. Sinang, Som C. Ghadouani, Anas Toxins (Basel) Article Alert level frameworks advise agencies on a sequence of monitoring and management actions, and are implemented so as to reduce the risk of the public coming into contact with hazardous substances. Their effectiveness relies on the detection of the hazard, but with many systems not receiving any regular monitoring, pollution events often go undetected. We developed toxicological risk assessment models for acute and chronic exposure to pollutants that incorporate the probabilities that the public will come into contact with undetected pollution events, to identify the level of risk a system poses in regards to the pollutant. As a proof of concept, we successfully demonstrated that the models could be applied to determine probabilities of acute and chronic illness types related to recreational activities in waterbodies containing cyanotoxins. Using the acute model, we identified lakes that present a ‘high’ risk to develop Day Away From Work illness, and lakes that present a ‘low’ or ‘medium’ risk to develop First Aid Cases when used for swimming. The developed risk models succeeded in categorising lakes according to their risk level to the public in an objective way. Modelling by how much the probability of public exposure has to decrease to lower the risks to acceptable levels will enable authorities to identify suitable control measures and monitoring strategies. We suggest broadening the application of these models to other contaminants. MDPI 2016-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5037477/ /pubmed/27589798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8090251 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Reichwaldt, Elke S.
Stone, Daniel
Barrington, Dani J.
Sinang, Som C.
Ghadouani, Anas
Development of Toxicological Risk Assessment Models for Acute and Chronic Exposure to Pollutants
title Development of Toxicological Risk Assessment Models for Acute and Chronic Exposure to Pollutants
title_full Development of Toxicological Risk Assessment Models for Acute and Chronic Exposure to Pollutants
title_fullStr Development of Toxicological Risk Assessment Models for Acute and Chronic Exposure to Pollutants
title_full_unstemmed Development of Toxicological Risk Assessment Models for Acute and Chronic Exposure to Pollutants
title_short Development of Toxicological Risk Assessment Models for Acute and Chronic Exposure to Pollutants
title_sort development of toxicological risk assessment models for acute and chronic exposure to pollutants
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037477/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27589798
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8090251
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