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The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that shape the innate immune system by identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns and host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are widely expressed on both immune cells and non-immune cells, including hem...

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Autores principales: Monlish, Darlene A., Bhatt, Sima T., Schuettpelz, Laura G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039188/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733853
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00390
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author Monlish, Darlene A.
Bhatt, Sima T.
Schuettpelz, Laura G.
author_facet Monlish, Darlene A.
Bhatt, Sima T.
Schuettpelz, Laura G.
author_sort Monlish, Darlene A.
collection PubMed
description Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that shape the innate immune system by identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns and host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are widely expressed on both immune cells and non-immune cells, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, effector immune cell populations, and endothelial cells. In addition to their well-known role in the innate immune response to acute infection or injury, accumulating evidence supports a role for TLRs in the development of hematopoietic and other malignancies. Several hematopoietic disorders, including lymphoproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes, which possess a high risk of transformation to leukemia, have been linked to aberrant TLR signaling. Furthermore, activation of TLRs leads to the induction of a number of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which can promote tumorigenesis by driving cell proliferation and migration and providing a favorable microenvironment for tumor cells. Beyond hematopoietic malignancies, the upregulation of a number of TLRs has been linked to promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis in a variety of cancers, including those of the colon, breast, and lung. This review focuses on the contribution of TLRs to hematopoietic malignancies, highlighting the known direct and indirect effects of TLR signaling on tumor cells and their microenvironment. In addition, the utility of TLR agonists and antagonists as potential therapeutics in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies is discussed.
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spelling pubmed-50391882016-10-12 The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies Monlish, Darlene A. Bhatt, Sima T. Schuettpelz, Laura G. Front Immunol Immunology Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that shape the innate immune system by identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns and host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are widely expressed on both immune cells and non-immune cells, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, effector immune cell populations, and endothelial cells. In addition to their well-known role in the innate immune response to acute infection or injury, accumulating evidence supports a role for TLRs in the development of hematopoietic and other malignancies. Several hematopoietic disorders, including lymphoproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes, which possess a high risk of transformation to leukemia, have been linked to aberrant TLR signaling. Furthermore, activation of TLRs leads to the induction of a number of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which can promote tumorigenesis by driving cell proliferation and migration and providing a favorable microenvironment for tumor cells. Beyond hematopoietic malignancies, the upregulation of a number of TLRs has been linked to promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis in a variety of cancers, including those of the colon, breast, and lung. This review focuses on the contribution of TLRs to hematopoietic malignancies, highlighting the known direct and indirect effects of TLR signaling on tumor cells and their microenvironment. In addition, the utility of TLR agonists and antagonists as potential therapeutics in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies is discussed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5039188/ /pubmed/27733853 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00390 Text en Copyright © 2016 Monlish, Bhatt and Schuettpelz. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Monlish, Darlene A.
Bhatt, Sima T.
Schuettpelz, Laura G.
The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies
title The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies
title_full The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies
title_fullStr The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies
title_short The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies
title_sort role of toll-like receptors in hematopoietic malignancies
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039188/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733853
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00390
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