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Silymarin Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Diet-Induced Obesity via Activation of Farnesyl X Receptor
Background and purpose: Silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, has been widely used to treat chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and other types of toxic liver damage. Despite increasing studies on the action of silymarin and its major active constituent, silybin in their therapeutic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039206/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733832 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00345 |
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author | Gu, Ming Zhao, Ping Huang, Jinwen Zhao, Yuanyuan Wang, Yahui Li, Yin Li, Yifei Fan, Shengjie Ma, Yue-Ming Tong, Qingchun Yang, Li Ji, Guang Huang, Cheng |
author_facet | Gu, Ming Zhao, Ping Huang, Jinwen Zhao, Yuanyuan Wang, Yahui Li, Yin Li, Yifei Fan, Shengjie Ma, Yue-Ming Tong, Qingchun Yang, Li Ji, Guang Huang, Cheng |
author_sort | Gu, Ming |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background and purpose: Silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, has been widely used to treat chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and other types of toxic liver damage. Despite increasing studies on the action of silymarin and its major active constituent, silybin in their therapeutic properties against insulin resistance, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia in vitro and in vivo, the mechanism underlying silymarin action remains unclear. Experimental approach: C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 months to induce obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia, and fatty liver. These mice were then continuously treated with HFD alone or mixed with silymarin at 40 mg/100 g for additional 6 weeks. Biochemical analysis was used to test the serum lipid and bile acid profiles. Farnesyl X receptor (FXR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transactivities were analyzed in liver using a gene reporter assay based on quantitative RT-PCR. Key results: Silymarin treatment ameliorated insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and inflammation, and reconstituted the bile acid pool in liver of diet-induced obesity. Associated with this, silybin and silymarin enhanced FXR transactivity. Consistently, in HepG2 cells, silybin inhibited NF-κB signaling, which was enhanced by FXR activation. Conclusion and implications: Our results suggest that silybin is an effective component of silymarin for treating metabolic syndrome by stimulating FXR signaling. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5039206 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50392062016-10-12 Silymarin Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Diet-Induced Obesity via Activation of Farnesyl X Receptor Gu, Ming Zhao, Ping Huang, Jinwen Zhao, Yuanyuan Wang, Yahui Li, Yin Li, Yifei Fan, Shengjie Ma, Yue-Ming Tong, Qingchun Yang, Li Ji, Guang Huang, Cheng Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Background and purpose: Silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, has been widely used to treat chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and other types of toxic liver damage. Despite increasing studies on the action of silymarin and its major active constituent, silybin in their therapeutic properties against insulin resistance, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia in vitro and in vivo, the mechanism underlying silymarin action remains unclear. Experimental approach: C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 months to induce obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia, and fatty liver. These mice were then continuously treated with HFD alone or mixed with silymarin at 40 mg/100 g for additional 6 weeks. Biochemical analysis was used to test the serum lipid and bile acid profiles. Farnesyl X receptor (FXR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transactivities were analyzed in liver using a gene reporter assay based on quantitative RT-PCR. Key results: Silymarin treatment ameliorated insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and inflammation, and reconstituted the bile acid pool in liver of diet-induced obesity. Associated with this, silybin and silymarin enhanced FXR transactivity. Consistently, in HepG2 cells, silybin inhibited NF-κB signaling, which was enhanced by FXR activation. Conclusion and implications: Our results suggest that silybin is an effective component of silymarin for treating metabolic syndrome by stimulating FXR signaling. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5039206/ /pubmed/27733832 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00345 Text en Copyright © 2016 Gu, Zhao, Huang, Zhao, Wang, Li, Li, Fan, Ma, Tong, Yang, Ji and Huang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Gu, Ming Zhao, Ping Huang, Jinwen Zhao, Yuanyuan Wang, Yahui Li, Yin Li, Yifei Fan, Shengjie Ma, Yue-Ming Tong, Qingchun Yang, Li Ji, Guang Huang, Cheng Silymarin Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Diet-Induced Obesity via Activation of Farnesyl X Receptor |
title | Silymarin Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Diet-Induced Obesity via Activation of Farnesyl X Receptor |
title_full | Silymarin Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Diet-Induced Obesity via Activation of Farnesyl X Receptor |
title_fullStr | Silymarin Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Diet-Induced Obesity via Activation of Farnesyl X Receptor |
title_full_unstemmed | Silymarin Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Diet-Induced Obesity via Activation of Farnesyl X Receptor |
title_short | Silymarin Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Diet-Induced Obesity via Activation of Farnesyl X Receptor |
title_sort | silymarin ameliorates metabolic dysfunction associated with diet-induced obesity via activation of farnesyl x receptor |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039206/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733832 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00345 |
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