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The Influenza NS1 Protein: What Do We Know in Equine Influenza Virus Pathogenesis?

Equine influenza virus remains a serious health and potential economic problem throughout most parts of the world, despite intensive vaccination programs in some horse populations. The influenza non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has multiple functions involved in the regulation of several cellular and...

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Autores principales: Barba, Marta, Daly, Janet M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039437/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27589809
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens5030057
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author Barba, Marta
Daly, Janet M.
author_facet Barba, Marta
Daly, Janet M.
author_sort Barba, Marta
collection PubMed
description Equine influenza virus remains a serious health and potential economic problem throughout most parts of the world, despite intensive vaccination programs in some horse populations. The influenza non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has multiple functions involved in the regulation of several cellular and viral processes during influenza infection. We review the strategies that NS1 uses to facilitate virus replication and inhibit antiviral responses in the host, including sequestering of double-stranded RNA, direct modulation of protein kinase R activity and inhibition of transcription and translation of host antiviral response genes such as type I interferon. Details are provided regarding what it is known about NS1 in equine influenza, especially concerning C-terminal truncation. Further research is needed to determine the role of NS1 in equine influenza infection, which will help to understand the pathophysiology of complicated cases related to cytokine imbalance and secondary bacterial infection, and to investigate new therapeutic and vaccination strategies.
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spelling pubmed-50394372016-10-04 The Influenza NS1 Protein: What Do We Know in Equine Influenza Virus Pathogenesis? Barba, Marta Daly, Janet M. Pathogens Review Equine influenza virus remains a serious health and potential economic problem throughout most parts of the world, despite intensive vaccination programs in some horse populations. The influenza non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has multiple functions involved in the regulation of several cellular and viral processes during influenza infection. We review the strategies that NS1 uses to facilitate virus replication and inhibit antiviral responses in the host, including sequestering of double-stranded RNA, direct modulation of protein kinase R activity and inhibition of transcription and translation of host antiviral response genes such as type I interferon. Details are provided regarding what it is known about NS1 in equine influenza, especially concerning C-terminal truncation. Further research is needed to determine the role of NS1 in equine influenza infection, which will help to understand the pathophysiology of complicated cases related to cytokine imbalance and secondary bacterial infection, and to investigate new therapeutic and vaccination strategies. MDPI 2016-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5039437/ /pubmed/27589809 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens5030057 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Barba, Marta
Daly, Janet M.
The Influenza NS1 Protein: What Do We Know in Equine Influenza Virus Pathogenesis?
title The Influenza NS1 Protein: What Do We Know in Equine Influenza Virus Pathogenesis?
title_full The Influenza NS1 Protein: What Do We Know in Equine Influenza Virus Pathogenesis?
title_fullStr The Influenza NS1 Protein: What Do We Know in Equine Influenza Virus Pathogenesis?
title_full_unstemmed The Influenza NS1 Protein: What Do We Know in Equine Influenza Virus Pathogenesis?
title_short The Influenza NS1 Protein: What Do We Know in Equine Influenza Virus Pathogenesis?
title_sort influenza ns1 protein: what do we know in equine influenza virus pathogenesis?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039437/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27589809
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens5030057
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