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Historical Underpinnings of Bipolar Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

Mood is the changing expression of emotion and can be described as a spectrum. The outermost ends of this spectrum highlight two states, the lowest low, melancholia, and the highest high, mania. These mood extremes have been documented repeatedly in human history, being first systematically describe...

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Autores principales: Mason, Brittany L., Brown, E. Sherwood, Croarkin, Paul E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039514/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27429010
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs6030014
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author Mason, Brittany L.
Brown, E. Sherwood
Croarkin, Paul E.
author_facet Mason, Brittany L.
Brown, E. Sherwood
Croarkin, Paul E.
author_sort Mason, Brittany L.
collection PubMed
description Mood is the changing expression of emotion and can be described as a spectrum. The outermost ends of this spectrum highlight two states, the lowest low, melancholia, and the highest high, mania. These mood extremes have been documented repeatedly in human history, being first systematically described by Hippocrates. Nineteenth century contemporaries Falret and Baillarger described two forms of an extreme mood disorder, with the validity and accuracy of both debated. Regardless, the concept of a cycling mood disease was accepted before the end of the 19th century. Kraepelin then described “manic depressive insanity” and presented his description of a full spectrum of mood dysfunction which could be exhibited through single episodes of mania or depression or a complement of many episodes of each. It was this concept which was incorporated into the first DSM and carried out until DSM-III, in which the description of episodic mood dysfunction was used to build a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Criticism of this approach is explored through discussion of the bipolar spectrum concept and some recent examinations of the clinical validity of these DSM diagnoses are presented. The concept of bipolar disorder in children is also explored.
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spelling pubmed-50395142016-10-04 Historical Underpinnings of Bipolar Disorder Diagnostic Criteria Mason, Brittany L. Brown, E. Sherwood Croarkin, Paul E. Behav Sci (Basel) Review Mood is the changing expression of emotion and can be described as a spectrum. The outermost ends of this spectrum highlight two states, the lowest low, melancholia, and the highest high, mania. These mood extremes have been documented repeatedly in human history, being first systematically described by Hippocrates. Nineteenth century contemporaries Falret and Baillarger described two forms of an extreme mood disorder, with the validity and accuracy of both debated. Regardless, the concept of a cycling mood disease was accepted before the end of the 19th century. Kraepelin then described “manic depressive insanity” and presented his description of a full spectrum of mood dysfunction which could be exhibited through single episodes of mania or depression or a complement of many episodes of each. It was this concept which was incorporated into the first DSM and carried out until DSM-III, in which the description of episodic mood dysfunction was used to build a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Criticism of this approach is explored through discussion of the bipolar spectrum concept and some recent examinations of the clinical validity of these DSM diagnoses are presented. The concept of bipolar disorder in children is also explored. MDPI 2016-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5039514/ /pubmed/27429010 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs6030014 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Mason, Brittany L.
Brown, E. Sherwood
Croarkin, Paul E.
Historical Underpinnings of Bipolar Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
title Historical Underpinnings of Bipolar Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
title_full Historical Underpinnings of Bipolar Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
title_fullStr Historical Underpinnings of Bipolar Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
title_full_unstemmed Historical Underpinnings of Bipolar Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
title_short Historical Underpinnings of Bipolar Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
title_sort historical underpinnings of bipolar disorder diagnostic criteria
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039514/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27429010
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs6030014
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