Numerical investigation of the haemodynamics in the human fetal umbilical vein/ductus venosus based on the experimental data

Abortion of the fetus due to a disease, in an early stage of pregnancy, has been dramatically increased in the last decades. There is a still lack of knowledge on the various types of diseases which lead fetus to a vulnerable circumstance. The transport of oxygenated blood from the placenta to the human fetus has been an important clinical feature in Doppler velocimetry studies, especially the ductus venosus (DV). The DV connects intra-abdominal portion of the umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC) at the inlet of the right atrium and is, therefore, important when examining the fetus state of health. An abnormal flow in the DV can indicate a fetal disease such as, chromosomal abnormalities, cardiac defect, hypoxaemia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The blood flow in the fetal circulation has not been investigated much in detail. The blood flow in the fetal circulation provides necessary information for physician to make a suitable decision on abortion or alternative medical practice before or even after birth. The present study performed a comparative study to quantify the blood velocity in DV by a combination approach based on 3D computational simulation and Doppler measurement. The results showed that the velocity value in DV is significant and can be considered as an indicator of any kind of disease in fetal. The nodal displacement of the model was also analysed. It shows that DV tolerates a higher level of displacement compared with the other regions of the model, whereas the nodal pressure shows different results as the lowest values are located in DV.