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The SNARC Effect in Chinese Numerals: Do Visual Properties of Characters and Hand Signs Influence Number Processing?
The SNARC effect refers to an association of numbers and spatial properties of responses that is commonly thought to be amodal and independent of stimulus notation. We tested for a horizontal SNARC effect using Arabic digits, simple-form Chinese characters and Chinese hand signs in participants from...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5042428/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27684956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163897 |
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author | Kopiske, Karl K. Löwenkamp, Christian Eloka, Owino Schiller, Florian Kao, Chung-Shan Wu, Chaohua Gao, Xiaorong Franz, Volker H. |
author_facet | Kopiske, Karl K. Löwenkamp, Christian Eloka, Owino Schiller, Florian Kao, Chung-Shan Wu, Chaohua Gao, Xiaorong Franz, Volker H. |
author_sort | Kopiske, Karl K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The SNARC effect refers to an association of numbers and spatial properties of responses that is commonly thought to be amodal and independent of stimulus notation. We tested for a horizontal SNARC effect using Arabic digits, simple-form Chinese characters and Chinese hand signs in participants from Mainland China. We found a horizontal SNARC effect in all notations. This is the first time that a horizontal SNARC effect has been demonstrated in Chinese characters and Chinese hand signs. We tested for the SNARC effect in two experiments (parity judgement and magnitude judgement). The parity judgement task yielded clear, consistent SNARC effects in all notations, whereas results were more mixed in magnitude judgement. Both Chinese characters and Chinese hand signs are represented non-symbolically for low numbers and symbolically for higher numbers, allowing us to contrast within the same notation the effects of heavily learned non-symbolic vs. symbolic representation on the processing of numbers. In addition to finding a horizontal SNARC effect, we also found a robust numerical distance effect in all notations. This is particularly interesting as it persisted when participants reported using purely visual features to solve the task, thereby suggesting that numbers were processed semantically even when the task could be solved without the semantic information. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5042428 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50424282016-10-27 The SNARC Effect in Chinese Numerals: Do Visual Properties of Characters and Hand Signs Influence Number Processing? Kopiske, Karl K. Löwenkamp, Christian Eloka, Owino Schiller, Florian Kao, Chung-Shan Wu, Chaohua Gao, Xiaorong Franz, Volker H. PLoS One Research Article The SNARC effect refers to an association of numbers and spatial properties of responses that is commonly thought to be amodal and independent of stimulus notation. We tested for a horizontal SNARC effect using Arabic digits, simple-form Chinese characters and Chinese hand signs in participants from Mainland China. We found a horizontal SNARC effect in all notations. This is the first time that a horizontal SNARC effect has been demonstrated in Chinese characters and Chinese hand signs. We tested for the SNARC effect in two experiments (parity judgement and magnitude judgement). The parity judgement task yielded clear, consistent SNARC effects in all notations, whereas results were more mixed in magnitude judgement. Both Chinese characters and Chinese hand signs are represented non-symbolically for low numbers and symbolically for higher numbers, allowing us to contrast within the same notation the effects of heavily learned non-symbolic vs. symbolic representation on the processing of numbers. In addition to finding a horizontal SNARC effect, we also found a robust numerical distance effect in all notations. This is particularly interesting as it persisted when participants reported using purely visual features to solve the task, thereby suggesting that numbers were processed semantically even when the task could be solved without the semantic information. Public Library of Science 2016-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5042428/ /pubmed/27684956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163897 Text en © 2016 Kopiske et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kopiske, Karl K. Löwenkamp, Christian Eloka, Owino Schiller, Florian Kao, Chung-Shan Wu, Chaohua Gao, Xiaorong Franz, Volker H. The SNARC Effect in Chinese Numerals: Do Visual Properties of Characters and Hand Signs Influence Number Processing? |
title | The SNARC Effect in Chinese Numerals: Do Visual Properties of Characters and Hand Signs Influence Number Processing? |
title_full | The SNARC Effect in Chinese Numerals: Do Visual Properties of Characters and Hand Signs Influence Number Processing? |
title_fullStr | The SNARC Effect in Chinese Numerals: Do Visual Properties of Characters and Hand Signs Influence Number Processing? |
title_full_unstemmed | The SNARC Effect in Chinese Numerals: Do Visual Properties of Characters and Hand Signs Influence Number Processing? |
title_short | The SNARC Effect in Chinese Numerals: Do Visual Properties of Characters and Hand Signs Influence Number Processing? |
title_sort | snarc effect in chinese numerals: do visual properties of characters and hand signs influence number processing? |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5042428/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27684956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163897 |
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