Modulation of hydrogen sulfide by vascular hypoxia

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has emerged as a key regulator of cardiovascular function. This gasotransmitter is produced in the vasculature and is involved in numerous processes that promote vascular homeostasis, including vasodilation and endothelial cell proliferation. Although H(2)S plays a role under physiological conditions, it has become clear in recent years that hypoxia modulates the production and action of H(2)S. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that H(2)S is cytoprotective in the face of hypoxic insults. This review focuses on the synthesis and signaling of H(2)S in hypoxic conditions in the vasculature, and highlights recent studies providing evidence that H(2)S is a potential therapy for preventing tissue damage in hypoxic conditions.