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A relationship between CD4 count and oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in urban population
INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection gradually destroys the body's immune system, which makes it harder for the body to fight infections. HIV infection causes a quantitative and qualitative depletion of CD4 lymphocyte count, which increases the risk of opportunistic infect...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5051290/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721607 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-029X.190934 |
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author | Satyakiran, Gadavalli Vera Venkata Bavle, Radhika Manoj Alexander, Glory Rao, Saritha Venugopal, Reshma Hosthor, Sreelatha S |
author_facet | Satyakiran, Gadavalli Vera Venkata Bavle, Radhika Manoj Alexander, Glory Rao, Saritha Venugopal, Reshma Hosthor, Sreelatha S |
author_sort | Satyakiran, Gadavalli Vera Venkata |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection gradually destroys the body's immune system, which makes it harder for the body to fight infections. HIV infection causes a quantitative and qualitative depletion of CD4 lymphocyte count, which increases the risk of opportunistic infections. Thus, CD4 count is one of the key factors in determining both the urgency of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation and the need of prophylaxis for opportunistic infections. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and variations in the oral manifestations of HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients on HAART therapy in urban population and their association with CD4 count. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study was conducted by screening eighty patients who were HIV positive in an urban location. Both adult and pediatric patients were screened for oral manifestations and simultaneously CD4 count was also evaluated. Patients with HIV infection for variable time period who are under HAART were considered. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Measures of central tendency were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: HIV infection destroys the immune system of an individual, making the patient susceptible to various infections and malignancies. With the advent of antiretroviral therapy, the scenario has changed drastically. We have observed that patients with CD4 counts between 164 and 1286 show relatively few oral manifestations. Long-term HAART therapy causes pigmentation, xerostomia and angular cheilitis but is taken up quite well by the patients. CONCLUSION: In this study, eighty patients with HAART from urban population showed very minimal oral findings because of good accessibility for treatment and awareness about HIV infections. The patients who were on long-standing HAART treatment also showed minimal oral manifestation such as pigmentation and xerostomia. Hence, we conclude that recognition, significance and treatment of these lesions in patients with HIV infection do not require elaborate setup and can be treated with basic primary health care. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5051290 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50512902016-10-07 A relationship between CD4 count and oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in urban population Satyakiran, Gadavalli Vera Venkata Bavle, Radhika Manoj Alexander, Glory Rao, Saritha Venugopal, Reshma Hosthor, Sreelatha S J Oral Maxillofac Pathol Original Article INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection gradually destroys the body's immune system, which makes it harder for the body to fight infections. HIV infection causes a quantitative and qualitative depletion of CD4 lymphocyte count, which increases the risk of opportunistic infections. Thus, CD4 count is one of the key factors in determining both the urgency of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation and the need of prophylaxis for opportunistic infections. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and variations in the oral manifestations of HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients on HAART therapy in urban population and their association with CD4 count. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study was conducted by screening eighty patients who were HIV positive in an urban location. Both adult and pediatric patients were screened for oral manifestations and simultaneously CD4 count was also evaluated. Patients with HIV infection for variable time period who are under HAART were considered. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Measures of central tendency were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: HIV infection destroys the immune system of an individual, making the patient susceptible to various infections and malignancies. With the advent of antiretroviral therapy, the scenario has changed drastically. We have observed that patients with CD4 counts between 164 and 1286 show relatively few oral manifestations. Long-term HAART therapy causes pigmentation, xerostomia and angular cheilitis but is taken up quite well by the patients. CONCLUSION: In this study, eighty patients with HAART from urban population showed very minimal oral findings because of good accessibility for treatment and awareness about HIV infections. The patients who were on long-standing HAART treatment also showed minimal oral manifestation such as pigmentation and xerostomia. Hence, we conclude that recognition, significance and treatment of these lesions in patients with HIV infection do not require elaborate setup and can be treated with basic primary health care. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC5051290/ /pubmed/27721607 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-029X.190934 Text en Copyright: © Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Satyakiran, Gadavalli Vera Venkata Bavle, Radhika Manoj Alexander, Glory Rao, Saritha Venugopal, Reshma Hosthor, Sreelatha S A relationship between CD4 count and oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in urban population |
title | A relationship between CD4 count and oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in urban population |
title_full | A relationship between CD4 count and oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in urban population |
title_fullStr | A relationship between CD4 count and oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in urban population |
title_full_unstemmed | A relationship between CD4 count and oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in urban population |
title_short | A relationship between CD4 count and oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in urban population |
title_sort | relationship between cd4 count and oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in urban population |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5051290/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721607 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-029X.190934 |
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