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Sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In adults, high sodium intake is associated with elevated blood pressure. In children, experimental studies have shown that reducing sodium intake can reduce blood pressure. However, their external validity is limited, no...

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Autores principales: Leyvraz, Magali, Taffé, Patrick, Chatelan, Angeline, Paradis, Gilles, Tabin, René, Bovet, Pascal, Bochud, Murielle, Chiolero, Arnaud
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5051513/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27655262
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012518
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author Leyvraz, Magali
Taffé, Patrick
Chatelan, Angeline
Paradis, Gilles
Tabin, René
Bovet, Pascal
Bochud, Murielle
Chiolero, Arnaud
author_facet Leyvraz, Magali
Taffé, Patrick
Chatelan, Angeline
Paradis, Gilles
Tabin, René
Bovet, Pascal
Bochud, Murielle
Chiolero, Arnaud
author_sort Leyvraz, Magali
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In adults, high sodium intake is associated with elevated blood pressure. In children, experimental studies have shown that reducing sodium intake can reduce blood pressure. However, their external validity is limited, notably because the sodium reduction was substantial and not applicable in a real-life setting. Observational studies, on the other hand, allow assess the association between blood pressure and sodium intake across usual levels of consumption. There is also evidence that the association differs between subgroups of children according to age and body weight. Our objective is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental and observational studies on the association between sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents and to assess whether the association differs according to age and body weight. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL databases will be conducted and supplemented by a manual search of bibliographies and unpublished studies. Experimental and observational studies involving children or adolescents between 0 and 18 years of age will be included. The exposure will be dietary sodium intake, estimated using different methods including urinary sodium excretion. The outcomes will be systolic and diastolic blood pressure, elevated blood pressure and hypertension. If appropriate, meta-analyses will be performed by pooling data across all studies together and separately for experimental and observational studies. Subgroup meta-analyses by age and body weight will be also conducted. Moreover, separate meta-analyses for different sodium intake levels will be conducted to investigate the dose–response relationship. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. A report will be prepared for national authorities and other stakeholders in the domains of nutrition, public health, and child health in Switzerland. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42016038245.
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spelling pubmed-50515132016-10-17 Sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis Leyvraz, Magali Taffé, Patrick Chatelan, Angeline Paradis, Gilles Tabin, René Bovet, Pascal Bochud, Murielle Chiolero, Arnaud BMJ Open Nutrition and Metabolism INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In adults, high sodium intake is associated with elevated blood pressure. In children, experimental studies have shown that reducing sodium intake can reduce blood pressure. However, their external validity is limited, notably because the sodium reduction was substantial and not applicable in a real-life setting. Observational studies, on the other hand, allow assess the association between blood pressure and sodium intake across usual levels of consumption. There is also evidence that the association differs between subgroups of children according to age and body weight. Our objective is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental and observational studies on the association between sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents and to assess whether the association differs according to age and body weight. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL databases will be conducted and supplemented by a manual search of bibliographies and unpublished studies. Experimental and observational studies involving children or adolescents between 0 and 18 years of age will be included. The exposure will be dietary sodium intake, estimated using different methods including urinary sodium excretion. The outcomes will be systolic and diastolic blood pressure, elevated blood pressure and hypertension. If appropriate, meta-analyses will be performed by pooling data across all studies together and separately for experimental and observational studies. Subgroup meta-analyses by age and body weight will be also conducted. Moreover, separate meta-analyses for different sodium intake levels will be conducted to investigate the dose–response relationship. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. A report will be prepared for national authorities and other stakeholders in the domains of nutrition, public health, and child health in Switzerland. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42016038245. BMJ Publishing Group 2016-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5051513/ /pubmed/27655262 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012518 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
spellingShingle Nutrition and Metabolism
Leyvraz, Magali
Taffé, Patrick
Chatelan, Angeline
Paradis, Gilles
Tabin, René
Bovet, Pascal
Bochud, Murielle
Chiolero, Arnaud
Sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
title Sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
topic Nutrition and Metabolism
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5051513/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27655262
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012518
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