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Endogenous rhythm and pattern-generating circuit interactions in cockroach motor centres
Cockroaches are rapid and stable runners whose gaits emerge from the intricate, and not fully resolved, interplay between endogenous oscillatory pattern-generating networks and sensory feedback that shapes their rhythmic output. Here we studied the endogenous motor output of a brainless, deafferente...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Company of Biologists Ltd
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5051644/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27422902 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.018705 |
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author | David, Izhak Holmes, Philip Ayali, Amir |
author_facet | David, Izhak Holmes, Philip Ayali, Amir |
author_sort | David, Izhak |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cockroaches are rapid and stable runners whose gaits emerge from the intricate, and not fully resolved, interplay between endogenous oscillatory pattern-generating networks and sensory feedback that shapes their rhythmic output. Here we studied the endogenous motor output of a brainless, deafferented preparation. We monitored the pilocarpine-induced rhythmic activity of levator and depressor motor neurons in the mesothoracic and metathoracic segments in order to reveal the oscillatory networks’ architecture and interactions. Data analyses included phase relations, latencies between and overlaps of rhythmic bursts, spike frequencies, and the dependence of these parameters on cycle frequency. We found that, overall, ipsilateral connections are stronger than contralateral ones. Our findings revealed asymmetries in connectivity among the different ganglia, in which meta-to-mesothoracic ascending coupling is stronger than meso-to-metathoracic descending coupling. Within-ganglion coupling between the metathoracic hemiganglia is stronger than that in the mesothoracic ganglion. We also report differences in the role and mode of operation of homologue network units (manifested by levator and depressor nerve activity). Many observed characteristics are similar to those exhibited by intact animals, suggesting a dominant role for feedforward control in cockroach locomotion. Based on these data we posit a connectivity scheme among components of the locomotion pattern generating system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5051644 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | The Company of Biologists Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50516442016-10-07 Endogenous rhythm and pattern-generating circuit interactions in cockroach motor centres David, Izhak Holmes, Philip Ayali, Amir Biol Open Research Article Cockroaches are rapid and stable runners whose gaits emerge from the intricate, and not fully resolved, interplay between endogenous oscillatory pattern-generating networks and sensory feedback that shapes their rhythmic output. Here we studied the endogenous motor output of a brainless, deafferented preparation. We monitored the pilocarpine-induced rhythmic activity of levator and depressor motor neurons in the mesothoracic and metathoracic segments in order to reveal the oscillatory networks’ architecture and interactions. Data analyses included phase relations, latencies between and overlaps of rhythmic bursts, spike frequencies, and the dependence of these parameters on cycle frequency. We found that, overall, ipsilateral connections are stronger than contralateral ones. Our findings revealed asymmetries in connectivity among the different ganglia, in which meta-to-mesothoracic ascending coupling is stronger than meso-to-metathoracic descending coupling. Within-ganglion coupling between the metathoracic hemiganglia is stronger than that in the mesothoracic ganglion. We also report differences in the role and mode of operation of homologue network units (manifested by levator and depressor nerve activity). Many observed characteristics are similar to those exhibited by intact animals, suggesting a dominant role for feedforward control in cockroach locomotion. Based on these data we posit a connectivity scheme among components of the locomotion pattern generating system. The Company of Biologists Ltd 2016-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5051644/ /pubmed/27422902 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.018705 Text en © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. |
spellingShingle | Research Article David, Izhak Holmes, Philip Ayali, Amir Endogenous rhythm and pattern-generating circuit interactions in cockroach motor centres |
title | Endogenous rhythm and pattern-generating circuit interactions in cockroach motor centres |
title_full | Endogenous rhythm and pattern-generating circuit interactions in cockroach motor centres |
title_fullStr | Endogenous rhythm and pattern-generating circuit interactions in cockroach motor centres |
title_full_unstemmed | Endogenous rhythm and pattern-generating circuit interactions in cockroach motor centres |
title_short | Endogenous rhythm and pattern-generating circuit interactions in cockroach motor centres |
title_sort | endogenous rhythm and pattern-generating circuit interactions in cockroach motor centres |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5051644/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27422902 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.018705 |
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