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FapR: From Control of Membrane Lipid Homeostasis to a Biotechnological Tool
Phospholipids and fatty acids are not only one of the major components of cell membranes but also important metabolic intermediates in bacteria. Since the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway is essential and energetically expensive, organisms have developed a diversity of homeostatic mechanisms to fine-...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052256/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27766255 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2016.00064 |
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author | Albanesi, Daniela de Mendoza, Diego |
author_facet | Albanesi, Daniela de Mendoza, Diego |
author_sort | Albanesi, Daniela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Phospholipids and fatty acids are not only one of the major components of cell membranes but also important metabolic intermediates in bacteria. Since the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway is essential and energetically expensive, organisms have developed a diversity of homeostatic mechanisms to fine-tune the concentration of lipids at particular levels. FapR is the first global regulator of lipid synthesis discovered in bacteria and is largely conserved in Gram-positive organisms including important human pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, and Listeria monocytogenes. FapR is a transcription factor that negatively controls the expression of several genes of the fatty acid and phospholipid biosynthesis and was first identified in Bacillus subtilis. This review focuses on the genetic, biochemical and structural advances that led to a detailed understanding of lipid homeostasis control by FapR providing unique opportunities to learn how Gram-positive bacteria monitor the status of fatty acid biosynthesis and adjust the lipid synthesis accordingly. Furthermore, we also cover the potential of the FapR system as a target for new drugs against Gram-positive bacteria as well as its recent biotechnological applications in diverse organisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5052256 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50522562016-10-20 FapR: From Control of Membrane Lipid Homeostasis to a Biotechnological Tool Albanesi, Daniela de Mendoza, Diego Front Mol Biosci Molecular Biosciences Phospholipids and fatty acids are not only one of the major components of cell membranes but also important metabolic intermediates in bacteria. Since the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway is essential and energetically expensive, organisms have developed a diversity of homeostatic mechanisms to fine-tune the concentration of lipids at particular levels. FapR is the first global regulator of lipid synthesis discovered in bacteria and is largely conserved in Gram-positive organisms including important human pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, and Listeria monocytogenes. FapR is a transcription factor that negatively controls the expression of several genes of the fatty acid and phospholipid biosynthesis and was first identified in Bacillus subtilis. This review focuses on the genetic, biochemical and structural advances that led to a detailed understanding of lipid homeostasis control by FapR providing unique opportunities to learn how Gram-positive bacteria monitor the status of fatty acid biosynthesis and adjust the lipid synthesis accordingly. Furthermore, we also cover the potential of the FapR system as a target for new drugs against Gram-positive bacteria as well as its recent biotechnological applications in diverse organisms. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5052256/ /pubmed/27766255 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2016.00064 Text en Copyright © 2016 Albanesi and de Mendoza. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Molecular Biosciences Albanesi, Daniela de Mendoza, Diego FapR: From Control of Membrane Lipid Homeostasis to a Biotechnological Tool |
title | FapR: From Control of Membrane Lipid Homeostasis to a Biotechnological Tool |
title_full | FapR: From Control of Membrane Lipid Homeostasis to a Biotechnological Tool |
title_fullStr | FapR: From Control of Membrane Lipid Homeostasis to a Biotechnological Tool |
title_full_unstemmed | FapR: From Control of Membrane Lipid Homeostasis to a Biotechnological Tool |
title_short | FapR: From Control of Membrane Lipid Homeostasis to a Biotechnological Tool |
title_sort | fapr: from control of membrane lipid homeostasis to a biotechnological tool |
topic | Molecular Biosciences |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052256/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27766255 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2016.00064 |
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