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Thymosin β(4) and β(10) in Sjögren’s syndrome: saliva proteomics and minor salivary glands expression

BACKGROUND: In the present study, we investigated whether thymosin β (Tβ) in saliva and in minor salivary glands is differentially expressed in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and patients with autoimmune diseases (systemic sclerosis [SSc], systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], and rheu...

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Autores principales: Bosello, Silvia, Peluso, Giusy, Iavarone, Federica, Tolusso, Barbara, Messana, Irene, Faa, Gavino, Castagnola, Massimo, Ferraccioli, Gianfranco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5053072/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27716395
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-016-1134-7
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author Bosello, Silvia
Peluso, Giusy
Iavarone, Federica
Tolusso, Barbara
Messana, Irene
Faa, Gavino
Castagnola, Massimo
Ferraccioli, Gianfranco
author_facet Bosello, Silvia
Peluso, Giusy
Iavarone, Federica
Tolusso, Barbara
Messana, Irene
Faa, Gavino
Castagnola, Massimo
Ferraccioli, Gianfranco
author_sort Bosello, Silvia
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In the present study, we investigated whether thymosin β (Tβ) in saliva and in minor salivary glands is differentially expressed in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and patients with autoimmune diseases (systemic sclerosis [SSc], systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], and rheumatoid arthritis [RA], with and without sicca syndrome [ss]). METHODS: Saliva specimens of nine patients with pSS, seven with ss/SSc, seven with ss/SLE, seven with ss/RA, seven with SSc, seven with SLE, and seven with RA, as well as ten healthy subjects, were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source to investigate the presence and levels of Tβ(4), Tβ(4) sulfoxide, and Tβ(10). Immunostaining for Tβ(4) and Tβ(10) was performed on minor salivary glands of patients with pSS and ss. RESULTS: Tβ(4) levels were statistically higher in patients with pSS with respect to the other subgroups. Tβ(10) was detectable in 66.7 % of patients with pSS and in 42.8 % of those with ss/SSc, while Tβ(4) sulfoxide was detectable in 44.4 % of patients with pSS and in 42.9 % of those with ss/SSc. Tβ(10) and Tβ(4) sulfoxide were not detectable in patients without associated ss and in healthy control subjects. Regarding thymosin immunostaining, all patients had immunoreactivity for Tβ(10), and a comparable distribution pattern in the four different subgroups of patients was observed. Tβ(4) immunoreactivity was present in patients with ss/SSc and those with ss/SLE, while it was completely absent in patients with pSS and those with ss/RA. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that higher salivary Tβ expression characterizes patients with pSS, while Tβ(4) sulfoxide and Tβ(10) salivary expression was selectively present in patients with sicca symptoms. Moreover, at the immunohistochemical level in patients with pSS, minor salivary glands showed a peculiar pattern characterized by immunostaining for Tβ(10) in acinar cells in the absence of any reactivity for Tβ(4). These findings, taken together, suggest a different role for Tβ(4) and Tβ(10) in patients with pSS who have ss and other autoimmune disease.
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spelling pubmed-50530722016-10-17 Thymosin β(4) and β(10) in Sjögren’s syndrome: saliva proteomics and minor salivary glands expression Bosello, Silvia Peluso, Giusy Iavarone, Federica Tolusso, Barbara Messana, Irene Faa, Gavino Castagnola, Massimo Ferraccioli, Gianfranco Arthritis Res Ther Research Article BACKGROUND: In the present study, we investigated whether thymosin β (Tβ) in saliva and in minor salivary glands is differentially expressed in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and patients with autoimmune diseases (systemic sclerosis [SSc], systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], and rheumatoid arthritis [RA], with and without sicca syndrome [ss]). METHODS: Saliva specimens of nine patients with pSS, seven with ss/SSc, seven with ss/SLE, seven with ss/RA, seven with SSc, seven with SLE, and seven with RA, as well as ten healthy subjects, were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source to investigate the presence and levels of Tβ(4), Tβ(4) sulfoxide, and Tβ(10). Immunostaining for Tβ(4) and Tβ(10) was performed on minor salivary glands of patients with pSS and ss. RESULTS: Tβ(4) levels were statistically higher in patients with pSS with respect to the other subgroups. Tβ(10) was detectable in 66.7 % of patients with pSS and in 42.8 % of those with ss/SSc, while Tβ(4) sulfoxide was detectable in 44.4 % of patients with pSS and in 42.9 % of those with ss/SSc. Tβ(10) and Tβ(4) sulfoxide were not detectable in patients without associated ss and in healthy control subjects. Regarding thymosin immunostaining, all patients had immunoreactivity for Tβ(10), and a comparable distribution pattern in the four different subgroups of patients was observed. Tβ(4) immunoreactivity was present in patients with ss/SSc and those with ss/SLE, while it was completely absent in patients with pSS and those with ss/RA. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that higher salivary Tβ expression characterizes patients with pSS, while Tβ(4) sulfoxide and Tβ(10) salivary expression was selectively present in patients with sicca symptoms. Moreover, at the immunohistochemical level in patients with pSS, minor salivary glands showed a peculiar pattern characterized by immunostaining for Tβ(10) in acinar cells in the absence of any reactivity for Tβ(4). These findings, taken together, suggest a different role for Tβ(4) and Tβ(10) in patients with pSS who have ss and other autoimmune disease. BioMed Central 2016-10-06 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC5053072/ /pubmed/27716395 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-016-1134-7 Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bosello, Silvia
Peluso, Giusy
Iavarone, Federica
Tolusso, Barbara
Messana, Irene
Faa, Gavino
Castagnola, Massimo
Ferraccioli, Gianfranco
Thymosin β(4) and β(10) in Sjögren’s syndrome: saliva proteomics and minor salivary glands expression
title Thymosin β(4) and β(10) in Sjögren’s syndrome: saliva proteomics and minor salivary glands expression
title_full Thymosin β(4) and β(10) in Sjögren’s syndrome: saliva proteomics and minor salivary glands expression
title_fullStr Thymosin β(4) and β(10) in Sjögren’s syndrome: saliva proteomics and minor salivary glands expression
title_full_unstemmed Thymosin β(4) and β(10) in Sjögren’s syndrome: saliva proteomics and minor salivary glands expression
title_short Thymosin β(4) and β(10) in Sjögren’s syndrome: saliva proteomics and minor salivary glands expression
title_sort thymosin β(4) and β(10) in sjögren’s syndrome: saliva proteomics and minor salivary glands expression
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5053072/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27716395
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-016-1134-7
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