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Faecal calprotectin: factors affecting levels and its potential role as a surrogate marker for risk of development of Crohn’s Disease

BACKGROUND: Faecal calprotectin (FC) is one of the most widely used non-invasive tests for the diagnosis and assessment of Crohn’s disease (CD) activity. Despite this, factors other than disease activity which affect levels have not been extensively reviewed. This is of importance when using FC in t...

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Autores principales: Mendall, Michael A., Chan, Derek, Patel, Roshani, Kumar, Devinder
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5054545/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27717310
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12876-016-0535-z
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author Mendall, Michael A.
Chan, Derek
Patel, Roshani
Kumar, Devinder
author_facet Mendall, Michael A.
Chan, Derek
Patel, Roshani
Kumar, Devinder
author_sort Mendall, Michael A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Faecal calprotectin (FC) is one of the most widely used non-invasive tests for the diagnosis and assessment of Crohn’s disease (CD) activity. Despite this, factors other than disease activity which affect levels have not been extensively reviewed. This is of importance when using FC in the diagnostic setting but also may be of utility in studying the aetiology of disease. OBJECTIVES: Our review outlines environmental risk factors that affect FC levels influencing diagnostic accuracy and how these may be associated with risk of developing CD. FC as a surrogate marker could be used to validate risk factors established in case control studies where prospective studies are not feasible. Proof of this concept is provided by our identification of obesity as being associated with elevated FC, our subsequent confirmation of obesity as risk factor for CD and the subsequent verification in prospective studies, as well as associations of lack of physical activity and dietary fibre intake with elevated FC levels and their subsequent confirmation as risk factors in prospective studies. CONCLUSION: We believe that FC is likely to prove a useful surrogate marker for risk of developing CD. This review has given a theoretical basis for considering the epidemiological determinants of CD which to date has been missing.
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spelling pubmed-50545452016-10-19 Faecal calprotectin: factors affecting levels and its potential role as a surrogate marker for risk of development of Crohn’s Disease Mendall, Michael A. Chan, Derek Patel, Roshani Kumar, Devinder BMC Gastroenterol Debate BACKGROUND: Faecal calprotectin (FC) is one of the most widely used non-invasive tests for the diagnosis and assessment of Crohn’s disease (CD) activity. Despite this, factors other than disease activity which affect levels have not been extensively reviewed. This is of importance when using FC in the diagnostic setting but also may be of utility in studying the aetiology of disease. OBJECTIVES: Our review outlines environmental risk factors that affect FC levels influencing diagnostic accuracy and how these may be associated with risk of developing CD. FC as a surrogate marker could be used to validate risk factors established in case control studies where prospective studies are not feasible. Proof of this concept is provided by our identification of obesity as being associated with elevated FC, our subsequent confirmation of obesity as risk factor for CD and the subsequent verification in prospective studies, as well as associations of lack of physical activity and dietary fibre intake with elevated FC levels and their subsequent confirmation as risk factors in prospective studies. CONCLUSION: We believe that FC is likely to prove a useful surrogate marker for risk of developing CD. This review has given a theoretical basis for considering the epidemiological determinants of CD which to date has been missing. BioMed Central 2016-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5054545/ /pubmed/27717310 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12876-016-0535-z Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Debate
Mendall, Michael A.
Chan, Derek
Patel, Roshani
Kumar, Devinder
Faecal calprotectin: factors affecting levels and its potential role as a surrogate marker for risk of development of Crohn’s Disease
title Faecal calprotectin: factors affecting levels and its potential role as a surrogate marker for risk of development of Crohn’s Disease
title_full Faecal calprotectin: factors affecting levels and its potential role as a surrogate marker for risk of development of Crohn’s Disease
title_fullStr Faecal calprotectin: factors affecting levels and its potential role as a surrogate marker for risk of development of Crohn’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed Faecal calprotectin: factors affecting levels and its potential role as a surrogate marker for risk of development of Crohn’s Disease
title_short Faecal calprotectin: factors affecting levels and its potential role as a surrogate marker for risk of development of Crohn’s Disease
title_sort faecal calprotectin: factors affecting levels and its potential role as a surrogate marker for risk of development of crohn’s disease
topic Debate
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5054545/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27717310
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12876-016-0535-z
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