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The Mitochondrial Genomes of the Zoonotic Canine Filarial Parasites Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens and Candidatus Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) Honkongensis Provide Evidence for Presence of Cryptic Species

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous dirofilariosis is a canine mosquito-borne zoonosis that can cause larva migrans disease in humans. Dirofilaria repens is considered an emerging pathogen occurring with high prevalence in Mediterranean areas and many parts of tropical Asia. In Hong Kong, a second species, Candid...

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Autores principales: Yilmaz, Esra, Fritzenwanker, Moritz, Pantchev, Nikola, Lendner, Mathias, Wongkamchai, Sirichit, Otranto, Domenico, Kroidl, Inge, Dennebaum, Martin, Le, Thanh Hoa, Anh Le, Tran, Ramünke, Sabrina, Schaper, Roland, von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg, Poppert, Sven, Krücken, Jürgen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5058507/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27727270
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005028
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author Yilmaz, Esra
Fritzenwanker, Moritz
Pantchev, Nikola
Lendner, Mathias
Wongkamchai, Sirichit
Otranto, Domenico
Kroidl, Inge
Dennebaum, Martin
Le, Thanh Hoa
Anh Le, Tran
Ramünke, Sabrina
Schaper, Roland
von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg
Poppert, Sven
Krücken, Jürgen
author_facet Yilmaz, Esra
Fritzenwanker, Moritz
Pantchev, Nikola
Lendner, Mathias
Wongkamchai, Sirichit
Otranto, Domenico
Kroidl, Inge
Dennebaum, Martin
Le, Thanh Hoa
Anh Le, Tran
Ramünke, Sabrina
Schaper, Roland
von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg
Poppert, Sven
Krücken, Jürgen
author_sort Yilmaz, Esra
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cutaneous dirofilariosis is a canine mosquito-borne zoonosis that can cause larva migrans disease in humans. Dirofilaria repens is considered an emerging pathogen occurring with high prevalence in Mediterranean areas and many parts of tropical Asia. In Hong Kong, a second species, Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis, has been reported. The present study aimed to compare mitochondrial genomes from these parasites and to obtain population genetic information. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Complete mitochondrial genomes were obtained by PCR and Sanger sequencing or ILLUMINA sequencing for four worms. Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequences identified three as D. repens (all from Europe) and one as C. D. hongkongensis (from India). Mitochondrial genomes have the same organization as in other spirurid nematodes but a higher preference for thymine in the coding strand. Phylogenetic analysis was in contradiction to current taxonomy of the Onchocercidae but in agreement with a recent multi-locus phylogenetic analysis using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. D. repens and C. D. hongkongensis sequences clustered together and were the common sister group to Dirofilaria immitis. Analysis of a 2.5 kb mitochondrial genome fragment from macrofilaria or canine blood samples from Europe (42), Thailand (2), India (1) and Vietnam (1) revealed only small genetic differences in the D. repens samples including all European and the Vietnam sample. The Indian C. D. hongkongensis and the two Thai samples formed separate clusters and differences were comparatively large. CONCLUSION: Genetic differences between Dirofilaria spp. causing cutaneous disease can be considerable whereas D. repens itself was genetically quite homogenous. C. D. hongkongensis was identified for the first time from the Indian subcontinent. The full mitochondrial genome sequence strengthens the hypothesis that it represents an independent species and the Thai samples might represent another cryptic species, Candidatus Dirofilaria sp. ‘Thailand II’, or a quite divergent population of C. D. hongkongensis.
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spelling pubmed-50585072016-10-27 The Mitochondrial Genomes of the Zoonotic Canine Filarial Parasites Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens and Candidatus Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) Honkongensis Provide Evidence for Presence of Cryptic Species Yilmaz, Esra Fritzenwanker, Moritz Pantchev, Nikola Lendner, Mathias Wongkamchai, Sirichit Otranto, Domenico Kroidl, Inge Dennebaum, Martin Le, Thanh Hoa Anh Le, Tran Ramünke, Sabrina Schaper, Roland von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg Poppert, Sven Krücken, Jürgen PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Cutaneous dirofilariosis is a canine mosquito-borne zoonosis that can cause larva migrans disease in humans. Dirofilaria repens is considered an emerging pathogen occurring with high prevalence in Mediterranean areas and many parts of tropical Asia. In Hong Kong, a second species, Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis, has been reported. The present study aimed to compare mitochondrial genomes from these parasites and to obtain population genetic information. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Complete mitochondrial genomes were obtained by PCR and Sanger sequencing or ILLUMINA sequencing for four worms. Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequences identified three as D. repens (all from Europe) and one as C. D. hongkongensis (from India). Mitochondrial genomes have the same organization as in other spirurid nematodes but a higher preference for thymine in the coding strand. Phylogenetic analysis was in contradiction to current taxonomy of the Onchocercidae but in agreement with a recent multi-locus phylogenetic analysis using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. D. repens and C. D. hongkongensis sequences clustered together and were the common sister group to Dirofilaria immitis. Analysis of a 2.5 kb mitochondrial genome fragment from macrofilaria or canine blood samples from Europe (42), Thailand (2), India (1) and Vietnam (1) revealed only small genetic differences in the D. repens samples including all European and the Vietnam sample. The Indian C. D. hongkongensis and the two Thai samples formed separate clusters and differences were comparatively large. CONCLUSION: Genetic differences between Dirofilaria spp. causing cutaneous disease can be considerable whereas D. repens itself was genetically quite homogenous. C. D. hongkongensis was identified for the first time from the Indian subcontinent. The full mitochondrial genome sequence strengthens the hypothesis that it represents an independent species and the Thai samples might represent another cryptic species, Candidatus Dirofilaria sp. ‘Thailand II’, or a quite divergent population of C. D. hongkongensis. Public Library of Science 2016-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5058507/ /pubmed/27727270 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005028 Text en © 2016 Yilmaz et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Yilmaz, Esra
Fritzenwanker, Moritz
Pantchev, Nikola
Lendner, Mathias
Wongkamchai, Sirichit
Otranto, Domenico
Kroidl, Inge
Dennebaum, Martin
Le, Thanh Hoa
Anh Le, Tran
Ramünke, Sabrina
Schaper, Roland
von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg
Poppert, Sven
Krücken, Jürgen
The Mitochondrial Genomes of the Zoonotic Canine Filarial Parasites Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens and Candidatus Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) Honkongensis Provide Evidence for Presence of Cryptic Species
title The Mitochondrial Genomes of the Zoonotic Canine Filarial Parasites Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens and Candidatus Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) Honkongensis Provide Evidence for Presence of Cryptic Species
title_full The Mitochondrial Genomes of the Zoonotic Canine Filarial Parasites Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens and Candidatus Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) Honkongensis Provide Evidence for Presence of Cryptic Species
title_fullStr The Mitochondrial Genomes of the Zoonotic Canine Filarial Parasites Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens and Candidatus Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) Honkongensis Provide Evidence for Presence of Cryptic Species
title_full_unstemmed The Mitochondrial Genomes of the Zoonotic Canine Filarial Parasites Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens and Candidatus Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) Honkongensis Provide Evidence for Presence of Cryptic Species
title_short The Mitochondrial Genomes of the Zoonotic Canine Filarial Parasites Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens and Candidatus Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) Honkongensis Provide Evidence for Presence of Cryptic Species
title_sort mitochondrial genomes of the zoonotic canine filarial parasites dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens and candidatus dirofilaria (nochtiella) honkongensis provide evidence for presence of cryptic species
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5058507/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27727270
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005028
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