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Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the world’s oceans, and they play a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles. In deep-sea ecosystems, archaea and bacteria drive major nutrient cycles, and viruses are largely responsible for their mortality, thereby exerting important control...

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Autores principales: Danovaro, Roberto, Dell’Anno, Antonio, Corinaldesi, Cinzia, Rastelli, Eugenio, Cavicchioli, Ricardo, Krupovic, Mart, Noble, Rachel T., Nunoura, Takuro, Prangishvili, David
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Association for the Advancement of Science 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5061471/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27757416
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600492
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author Danovaro, Roberto
Dell’Anno, Antonio
Corinaldesi, Cinzia
Rastelli, Eugenio
Cavicchioli, Ricardo
Krupovic, Mart
Noble, Rachel T.
Nunoura, Takuro
Prangishvili, David
author_facet Danovaro, Roberto
Dell’Anno, Antonio
Corinaldesi, Cinzia
Rastelli, Eugenio
Cavicchioli, Ricardo
Krupovic, Mart
Noble, Rachel T.
Nunoura, Takuro
Prangishvili, David
author_sort Danovaro, Roberto
collection PubMed
description Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the world’s oceans, and they play a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles. In deep-sea ecosystems, archaea and bacteria drive major nutrient cycles, and viruses are largely responsible for their mortality, thereby exerting important controls on microbial dynamics. However, the relative impact of viruses on archaea compared to bacteria is unknown, limiting our understanding of the factors controlling the functioning of marine systems at a global scale. We evaluate the selectivity of viral infections by using several independent approaches, including an innovative molecular method based on the quantification of archaeal versus bacterial genes released by viral lysis. We provide evidence that, in all oceanic surface sediments (from 1000- to 10,000-m water depth), the impact of viral infection is higher on archaea than on bacteria. We also found that, within deep-sea benthic archaea, the impact of viruses was mainly directed at members of specific clades of Marine Group I Thaumarchaeota. Although archaea represent, on average, ~12% of the total cell abundance in the top 50 cm of sediment, virus-induced lysis of archaea accounts for up to one-third of the total microbial biomass killed, resulting in the release of ~0.3 to 0.5 gigatons of carbon per year globally. Our results indicate that viral infection represents a key mechanism controlling the turnover of archaea in surface deep-sea sediments. We conclude that interactions between archaea and their viruses might play a profound, previously underestimated role in the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems and in global biogeochemical cycles.
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spelling pubmed-50614712016-10-18 Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor Danovaro, Roberto Dell’Anno, Antonio Corinaldesi, Cinzia Rastelli, Eugenio Cavicchioli, Ricardo Krupovic, Mart Noble, Rachel T. Nunoura, Takuro Prangishvili, David Sci Adv Research Articles Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the world’s oceans, and they play a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles. In deep-sea ecosystems, archaea and bacteria drive major nutrient cycles, and viruses are largely responsible for their mortality, thereby exerting important controls on microbial dynamics. However, the relative impact of viruses on archaea compared to bacteria is unknown, limiting our understanding of the factors controlling the functioning of marine systems at a global scale. We evaluate the selectivity of viral infections by using several independent approaches, including an innovative molecular method based on the quantification of archaeal versus bacterial genes released by viral lysis. We provide evidence that, in all oceanic surface sediments (from 1000- to 10,000-m water depth), the impact of viral infection is higher on archaea than on bacteria. We also found that, within deep-sea benthic archaea, the impact of viruses was mainly directed at members of specific clades of Marine Group I Thaumarchaeota. Although archaea represent, on average, ~12% of the total cell abundance in the top 50 cm of sediment, virus-induced lysis of archaea accounts for up to one-third of the total microbial biomass killed, resulting in the release of ~0.3 to 0.5 gigatons of carbon per year globally. Our results indicate that viral infection represents a key mechanism controlling the turnover of archaea in surface deep-sea sediments. We conclude that interactions between archaea and their viruses might play a profound, previously underestimated role in the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems and in global biogeochemical cycles. American Association for the Advancement of Science 2016-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC5061471/ /pubmed/27757416 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600492 Text en Copyright © 2016, The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Danovaro, Roberto
Dell’Anno, Antonio
Corinaldesi, Cinzia
Rastelli, Eugenio
Cavicchioli, Ricardo
Krupovic, Mart
Noble, Rachel T.
Nunoura, Takuro
Prangishvili, David
Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor
title Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor
title_full Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor
title_fullStr Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor
title_full_unstemmed Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor
title_short Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor
title_sort virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5061471/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27757416
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600492
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