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Intranasal Location and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Equine Olfactory Epithelium

The olfactory epithelium (OE) is the only body site where neurons contact directly the environment and are therefore exposed to a broad variation of substances and insults. It can serve as portal of entry for neurotropic viruses which spread via the olfactory pathway to the central nervous system. F...

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Autores principales: Kupke, Alexandra, Wenisch, Sabine, Failing, Klaus, Herden, Christiane
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5061740/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27790096
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2016.00097
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author Kupke, Alexandra
Wenisch, Sabine
Failing, Klaus
Herden, Christiane
author_facet Kupke, Alexandra
Wenisch, Sabine
Failing, Klaus
Herden, Christiane
author_sort Kupke, Alexandra
collection PubMed
description The olfactory epithelium (OE) is the only body site where neurons contact directly the environment and are therefore exposed to a broad variation of substances and insults. It can serve as portal of entry for neurotropic viruses which spread via the olfactory pathway to the central nervous system. For horses, it has been proposed and concluded mainly from rodent studies that different viruses, e.g., Borna disease virus, equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), hendra virus, influenza virus, rabies virus, vesicular stomatitis virus can use this route. However, little is yet known about cytoarchitecture, protein expression and the intranasal location of the equine OE. Revealing differences in cytoarchitecture or protein expression pattern in comparison to rodents, canines, or humans might help to explain varying susceptibility to certain intranasal virus infections. On the other hand, disclosing similarities especially between rodents and other species, e.g., horses would help to underscore transferability of rodent models. Analysis of the complete noses of five adult horses revealed that in the equine OE two epithelial subtypes with distinct marker expression exist, designated as types a and b which resemble those previously described in dogs. Detailed statistical analysis was carried out to confirm the results obtained on the descriptive level. The equine OE was predominantly located in caudodorsal areas of the nasal turbinates with a significant decline in rostroventral direction, especially for type a. Immunohistochemically, olfactory marker protein and doublecortin (DCX) expression was found in more cells of OE type a, whereas expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and tropomyosin receptor kinase A was present in more cells of type b. Accordingly, type a resembles the mature epithelium, in contrast to the more juvenile type b. Protein expression profile was comparable to canine and rodent OE but equine types a and b were located differently within the nose and revealed differences in its cytoarchitecture when compared to canine OE. Equine OE type a closely resembles rat OE. Whether the observed differences contribute to species-specific susceptibility to intranasal insults such as virus infections has to be further investigated.
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spelling pubmed-50617402016-10-27 Intranasal Location and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Equine Olfactory Epithelium Kupke, Alexandra Wenisch, Sabine Failing, Klaus Herden, Christiane Front Neuroanat Neuroanatomy The olfactory epithelium (OE) is the only body site where neurons contact directly the environment and are therefore exposed to a broad variation of substances and insults. It can serve as portal of entry for neurotropic viruses which spread via the olfactory pathway to the central nervous system. For horses, it has been proposed and concluded mainly from rodent studies that different viruses, e.g., Borna disease virus, equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), hendra virus, influenza virus, rabies virus, vesicular stomatitis virus can use this route. However, little is yet known about cytoarchitecture, protein expression and the intranasal location of the equine OE. Revealing differences in cytoarchitecture or protein expression pattern in comparison to rodents, canines, or humans might help to explain varying susceptibility to certain intranasal virus infections. On the other hand, disclosing similarities especially between rodents and other species, e.g., horses would help to underscore transferability of rodent models. Analysis of the complete noses of five adult horses revealed that in the equine OE two epithelial subtypes with distinct marker expression exist, designated as types a and b which resemble those previously described in dogs. Detailed statistical analysis was carried out to confirm the results obtained on the descriptive level. The equine OE was predominantly located in caudodorsal areas of the nasal turbinates with a significant decline in rostroventral direction, especially for type a. Immunohistochemically, olfactory marker protein and doublecortin (DCX) expression was found in more cells of OE type a, whereas expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and tropomyosin receptor kinase A was present in more cells of type b. Accordingly, type a resembles the mature epithelium, in contrast to the more juvenile type b. Protein expression profile was comparable to canine and rodent OE but equine types a and b were located differently within the nose and revealed differences in its cytoarchitecture when compared to canine OE. Equine OE type a closely resembles rat OE. Whether the observed differences contribute to species-specific susceptibility to intranasal insults such as virus infections has to be further investigated. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5061740/ /pubmed/27790096 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2016.00097 Text en Copyright © 2016 Kupke, Wenisch, Failing and Herden. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroanatomy
Kupke, Alexandra
Wenisch, Sabine
Failing, Klaus
Herden, Christiane
Intranasal Location and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Equine Olfactory Epithelium
title Intranasal Location and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Equine Olfactory Epithelium
title_full Intranasal Location and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Equine Olfactory Epithelium
title_fullStr Intranasal Location and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Equine Olfactory Epithelium
title_full_unstemmed Intranasal Location and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Equine Olfactory Epithelium
title_short Intranasal Location and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Equine Olfactory Epithelium
title_sort intranasal location and immunohistochemical characterization of the equine olfactory epithelium
topic Neuroanatomy
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5061740/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27790096
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2016.00097
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