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Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacogenetic, and Other Factors Influencing CNS Penetration of Antiretrovirals
Neurological complications associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a matter of great concern. While antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are the cornerstone of HIV treatment and typically produce neurological benefit, some ARV drugs have limited CNS penetration while others have been associ...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5061948/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27777797 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2587094 |
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author | Nwogu, Jacinta Nwamaka Ma, Qing Babalola, Chinedum Peace Adedeji, Waheed Adeola Morse, Gene D. Taiwo, Babafemi |
author_facet | Nwogu, Jacinta Nwamaka Ma, Qing Babalola, Chinedum Peace Adedeji, Waheed Adeola Morse, Gene D. Taiwo, Babafemi |
author_sort | Nwogu, Jacinta Nwamaka |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neurological complications associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a matter of great concern. While antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are the cornerstone of HIV treatment and typically produce neurological benefit, some ARV drugs have limited CNS penetration while others have been associated with neurotoxicity. CNS penetration is a function of several factors including sieving role of blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers and activity of innate drug transporters. Other factors are related to pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of the specific ARV agent or mediated by drug interactions, local inflammation, and blood flow. In this review, we provide an overview of the various factors influencing CNS penetration of ARV drugs with an emphasis on those commonly used in sub-Saharan Africa. We also summarize some key associations between ARV drug penetration, CNS efficacy, and neurotoxicity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5061948 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50619482016-10-24 Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacogenetic, and Other Factors Influencing CNS Penetration of Antiretrovirals Nwogu, Jacinta Nwamaka Ma, Qing Babalola, Chinedum Peace Adedeji, Waheed Adeola Morse, Gene D. Taiwo, Babafemi AIDS Res Treat Review Article Neurological complications associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a matter of great concern. While antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are the cornerstone of HIV treatment and typically produce neurological benefit, some ARV drugs have limited CNS penetration while others have been associated with neurotoxicity. CNS penetration is a function of several factors including sieving role of blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers and activity of innate drug transporters. Other factors are related to pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of the specific ARV agent or mediated by drug interactions, local inflammation, and blood flow. In this review, we provide an overview of the various factors influencing CNS penetration of ARV drugs with an emphasis on those commonly used in sub-Saharan Africa. We also summarize some key associations between ARV drug penetration, CNS efficacy, and neurotoxicity. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2016-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5061948/ /pubmed/27777797 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2587094 Text en Copyright © 2016 Jacinta Nwamaka Nwogu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Nwogu, Jacinta Nwamaka Ma, Qing Babalola, Chinedum Peace Adedeji, Waheed Adeola Morse, Gene D. Taiwo, Babafemi Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacogenetic, and Other Factors Influencing CNS Penetration of Antiretrovirals |
title | Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacogenetic, and Other Factors Influencing CNS Penetration of Antiretrovirals |
title_full | Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacogenetic, and Other Factors Influencing CNS Penetration of Antiretrovirals |
title_fullStr | Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacogenetic, and Other Factors Influencing CNS Penetration of Antiretrovirals |
title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacogenetic, and Other Factors Influencing CNS Penetration of Antiretrovirals |
title_short | Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacogenetic, and Other Factors Influencing CNS Penetration of Antiretrovirals |
title_sort | pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenetic, and other factors influencing cns penetration of antiretrovirals |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5061948/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27777797 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2587094 |
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