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Molecular targets in urothelial cancer: detection, treatment, and animal models of bladder cancer
Bladder cancer remains one of the most expensive cancers to treat in the United States due to the length of required treatment and degree of recurrence. In order to treat bladder cancer more effectively, targeted therapies are being investigated. In order to use targeted therapy in a patient, it is...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Dove Medical Press
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5063594/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27784990 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S112113 |
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author | Smolensky, Dmitriy Rathore, Kusum Cekanova, Maria |
author_facet | Smolensky, Dmitriy Rathore, Kusum Cekanova, Maria |
author_sort | Smolensky, Dmitriy |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bladder cancer remains one of the most expensive cancers to treat in the United States due to the length of required treatment and degree of recurrence. In order to treat bladder cancer more effectively, targeted therapies are being investigated. In order to use targeted therapy in a patient, it is important to provide a genetic background of the patient. Recent advances in genome sequencing, as well as transcriptome analysis, have identified major pathway components altered in bladder cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad background on bladder cancer, including its causes, diagnosis, stages, treatments, animal models, as well as signaling pathways in bladder cancer. The major focus is given to the PI3K/AKT pathway, p53/pRb signaling pathways, and the histone modification machinery. Because several promising immunological therapies are also emerging in the treatment of bladder cancer, focus is also given on general activation of the immune system for the treatment of bladder cancer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5063594 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Dove Medical Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50635942016-10-26 Molecular targets in urothelial cancer: detection, treatment, and animal models of bladder cancer Smolensky, Dmitriy Rathore, Kusum Cekanova, Maria Drug Des Devel Ther Review Bladder cancer remains one of the most expensive cancers to treat in the United States due to the length of required treatment and degree of recurrence. In order to treat bladder cancer more effectively, targeted therapies are being investigated. In order to use targeted therapy in a patient, it is important to provide a genetic background of the patient. Recent advances in genome sequencing, as well as transcriptome analysis, have identified major pathway components altered in bladder cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad background on bladder cancer, including its causes, diagnosis, stages, treatments, animal models, as well as signaling pathways in bladder cancer. The major focus is given to the PI3K/AKT pathway, p53/pRb signaling pathways, and the histone modification machinery. Because several promising immunological therapies are also emerging in the treatment of bladder cancer, focus is also given on general activation of the immune system for the treatment of bladder cancer. Dove Medical Press 2016-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC5063594/ /pubmed/27784990 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S112113 Text en © 2016 Smolensky et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. |
spellingShingle | Review Smolensky, Dmitriy Rathore, Kusum Cekanova, Maria Molecular targets in urothelial cancer: detection, treatment, and animal models of bladder cancer |
title | Molecular targets in urothelial cancer: detection, treatment, and animal models of bladder cancer |
title_full | Molecular targets in urothelial cancer: detection, treatment, and animal models of bladder cancer |
title_fullStr | Molecular targets in urothelial cancer: detection, treatment, and animal models of bladder cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular targets in urothelial cancer: detection, treatment, and animal models of bladder cancer |
title_short | Molecular targets in urothelial cancer: detection, treatment, and animal models of bladder cancer |
title_sort | molecular targets in urothelial cancer: detection, treatment, and animal models of bladder cancer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5063594/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27784990 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S112113 |
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