Neuronal Na(+) Channels Are Integral Components of Pro-Arrhythmic Na(+)/Ca(2+) Signaling Nanodomain That Promotes Cardiac Arrhythmias During β-Adrenergic Stimulation

Although triggered arrhythmias including catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) are often caused by increased levels of circulating catecholamines, the mechanistic link between β-adrenergic receptor (AR) stimulation and the subcellular/molecular arrhythmogenic trigger(s) is unclear. Here, we systematically investigated the subcellular and molecular consequences of β-AR stimulation in the promotion of catecholamine-induced cardiac arrhythmias. Using mouse models of cardiac calsequestrin-associated CPVT, we demonstrate that a subpopulation of Na(+) channels, mainly the neuronal Na(+) channels (nNa(v)), colocalize with ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) and Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) and are a part of the β-AR-mediated arrhythmogenic process. Specifically, augmented Na(+) entry via nNa(v) in the settings of genetic defects within the RyR2 complex and enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA)-mediated SR Ca(2+) refill is both an essential and a necessary factor for arrhythmogenesis. Furthermore, we show that augmentation of Na(+) entry involves β-AR–mediated activation of CAMKII, subsequently leading to nNa(v) augmentation. Importantly, selective pharmacological inhibition as well as silencing of Na(v)1.6 inhibit myocyte arrhythmic potential and prevent arrhythmias in vivo. Taken together, these data suggest that the arrhythmogenic alteration in Na(+)/Ca(2+) handling evidenced ruing β-AR stimulation results, at least in part, from enhanced Na(+) influx through nNa(v). Therefore, selective inhibition of these channels and of Na(v)1.6 in particular can serve as a potential antiarrhythmic therapy.