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Recent insights into the function of autophagy in cancer
Macroautophagy (referred to here as autophagy) is induced by starvation to capture and degrade intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes, which recycles intracellular components to sustain metabolism and survival. Autophagy also plays a major homeostatic role in controlling protein and orga...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5066235/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27664235 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.287524.116 |
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author | Amaravadi, Ravi Kimmelman, Alec C. White, Eileen |
author_facet | Amaravadi, Ravi Kimmelman, Alec C. White, Eileen |
author_sort | Amaravadi, Ravi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Macroautophagy (referred to here as autophagy) is induced by starvation to capture and degrade intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes, which recycles intracellular components to sustain metabolism and survival. Autophagy also plays a major homeostatic role in controlling protein and organelle quality and quantity. Dysfunctional autophagy contributes to many diseases. In cancer, autophagy can be neutral, tumor-suppressive, or tumor-promoting in different contexts. Large-scale genomic analysis of human cancers indicates that the loss or mutation of core autophagy genes is uncommon, whereas oncogenic events that activate autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis have been identified. Autophagic flux, however, is difficult to measure in human tumor samples, making functional assessment of autophagy problematic in a clinical setting. Autophagy impacts cellular metabolism, the proteome, and organelle numbers and quality, which alter cell functions in diverse ways. Moreover, autophagy influences the interaction between the tumor and the host by promoting stress adaptation and suppressing activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Additionally, autophagy can promote a cross-talk between the tumor and the stroma, which can support tumor growth, particularly in a nutrient-limited microenvironment. Thus, the role of autophagy in cancer is determined by nutrient availability, microenvironment stress, and the presence of an immune system. Here we discuss recent developments in the role of autophagy in cancer, in particular how autophagy can promote cancer through suppressing p53 and preventing energy crisis, cell death, senescence, and an anti-tumor immune response. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5066235 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50662352017-03-01 Recent insights into the function of autophagy in cancer Amaravadi, Ravi Kimmelman, Alec C. White, Eileen Genes Dev Review Macroautophagy (referred to here as autophagy) is induced by starvation to capture and degrade intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes, which recycles intracellular components to sustain metabolism and survival. Autophagy also plays a major homeostatic role in controlling protein and organelle quality and quantity. Dysfunctional autophagy contributes to many diseases. In cancer, autophagy can be neutral, tumor-suppressive, or tumor-promoting in different contexts. Large-scale genomic analysis of human cancers indicates that the loss or mutation of core autophagy genes is uncommon, whereas oncogenic events that activate autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis have been identified. Autophagic flux, however, is difficult to measure in human tumor samples, making functional assessment of autophagy problematic in a clinical setting. Autophagy impacts cellular metabolism, the proteome, and organelle numbers and quality, which alter cell functions in diverse ways. Moreover, autophagy influences the interaction between the tumor and the host by promoting stress adaptation and suppressing activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Additionally, autophagy can promote a cross-talk between the tumor and the stroma, which can support tumor growth, particularly in a nutrient-limited microenvironment. Thus, the role of autophagy in cancer is determined by nutrient availability, microenvironment stress, and the presence of an immune system. Here we discuss recent developments in the role of autophagy in cancer, in particular how autophagy can promote cancer through suppressing p53 and preventing energy crisis, cell death, senescence, and an anti-tumor immune response. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2016-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5066235/ /pubmed/27664235 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.287524.116 Text en © 2016 Amaravadi et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see http://genesdev.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Review Amaravadi, Ravi Kimmelman, Alec C. White, Eileen Recent insights into the function of autophagy in cancer |
title | Recent insights into the function of autophagy in cancer |
title_full | Recent insights into the function of autophagy in cancer |
title_fullStr | Recent insights into the function of autophagy in cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Recent insights into the function of autophagy in cancer |
title_short | Recent insights into the function of autophagy in cancer |
title_sort | recent insights into the function of autophagy in cancer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5066235/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27664235 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.287524.116 |
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