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Evaluation and Selection of Bacillus Species Based on Enzyme Production, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biofilm Synthesis as Direct-Fed Microbial Candidates for Poultry

Social concern about misuse of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGP) and generation of multidrug-resistant bacteria have restricted the dietary inclusion of antibiotics in livestock feed in several countries. Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are one of the multiple alternatives commonly evaluated as subs...

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Autores principales: Latorre, Juan D., Hernandez-Velasco, Xochitl, Wolfenden, Ross E., Vicente, Jose L., Wolfenden, Amanda D., Menconi, Anita, Bielke, Lisa R., Hargis, Billy M., Tellez, Guillermo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5071321/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27812526
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00095
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author Latorre, Juan D.
Hernandez-Velasco, Xochitl
Wolfenden, Ross E.
Vicente, Jose L.
Wolfenden, Amanda D.
Menconi, Anita
Bielke, Lisa R.
Hargis, Billy M.
Tellez, Guillermo
author_facet Latorre, Juan D.
Hernandez-Velasco, Xochitl
Wolfenden, Ross E.
Vicente, Jose L.
Wolfenden, Amanda D.
Menconi, Anita
Bielke, Lisa R.
Hargis, Billy M.
Tellez, Guillermo
author_sort Latorre, Juan D.
collection PubMed
description Social concern about misuse of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGP) and generation of multidrug-resistant bacteria have restricted the dietary inclusion of antibiotics in livestock feed in several countries. Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are one of the multiple alternatives commonly evaluated as substitutes of AGP. Sporeformer bacteria from the genus Bacillus have been extensively investigated because of their extraordinary properties to form highly resistant endospores, produce antimicrobial compounds, and synthesize different exogenous enzymes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and select Bacillus spp. from environmental and poultry sources as DFM candidates, considering their enzyme production profile, biofilm synthesis capacity, and pathogen-inhibition activity. Thirty-one Bacillus isolates were screened for in vitro relative enzyme activity of amylase, protease, lipase, and phytase using a selective media for each enzyme, with 3/31 strains selected as superior enzyme producers. These three isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis (1/3), and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (2/3), based on biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. For evaluation of biofilm synthesis, the generation of an adherent crystal violet-stained ring was determined in polypropylene tubes, resulting in 11/31 strains showing a strong biofilm formation. Moreover, all Bacillus strains were evaluated for growth inhibition activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (26/31), Escherichia coli (28/31), and Clostridioides difficile (29/31). Additionally, in previous in vitro and in vivo studies, these selected Bacillus strains have shown to be resistant to different biochemical conditions of the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. Results of the present study suggest that the selection and consumption of Bacillus-DFM, producing a variable set of enzymes and antimicrobial compounds, may contribute to enhanced performance through improving nutrient digestibility, reducing intestinal viscosity, maintaining a beneficial gut microbiota, and promoting healthy intestinal integrity in poultry.
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spelling pubmed-50713212016-11-03 Evaluation and Selection of Bacillus Species Based on Enzyme Production, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biofilm Synthesis as Direct-Fed Microbial Candidates for Poultry Latorre, Juan D. Hernandez-Velasco, Xochitl Wolfenden, Ross E. Vicente, Jose L. Wolfenden, Amanda D. Menconi, Anita Bielke, Lisa R. Hargis, Billy M. Tellez, Guillermo Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Social concern about misuse of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGP) and generation of multidrug-resistant bacteria have restricted the dietary inclusion of antibiotics in livestock feed in several countries. Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are one of the multiple alternatives commonly evaluated as substitutes of AGP. Sporeformer bacteria from the genus Bacillus have been extensively investigated because of their extraordinary properties to form highly resistant endospores, produce antimicrobial compounds, and synthesize different exogenous enzymes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and select Bacillus spp. from environmental and poultry sources as DFM candidates, considering their enzyme production profile, biofilm synthesis capacity, and pathogen-inhibition activity. Thirty-one Bacillus isolates were screened for in vitro relative enzyme activity of amylase, protease, lipase, and phytase using a selective media for each enzyme, with 3/31 strains selected as superior enzyme producers. These three isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis (1/3), and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (2/3), based on biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. For evaluation of biofilm synthesis, the generation of an adherent crystal violet-stained ring was determined in polypropylene tubes, resulting in 11/31 strains showing a strong biofilm formation. Moreover, all Bacillus strains were evaluated for growth inhibition activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (26/31), Escherichia coli (28/31), and Clostridioides difficile (29/31). Additionally, in previous in vitro and in vivo studies, these selected Bacillus strains have shown to be resistant to different biochemical conditions of the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. Results of the present study suggest that the selection and consumption of Bacillus-DFM, producing a variable set of enzymes and antimicrobial compounds, may contribute to enhanced performance through improving nutrient digestibility, reducing intestinal viscosity, maintaining a beneficial gut microbiota, and promoting healthy intestinal integrity in poultry. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC5071321/ /pubmed/27812526 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00095 Text en Copyright © 2016 Latorre, Hernandez-Velasco, Wolfenden, Vicente, Wolfenden, Menconi, Bielke, Hargis and Tellez. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Latorre, Juan D.
Hernandez-Velasco, Xochitl
Wolfenden, Ross E.
Vicente, Jose L.
Wolfenden, Amanda D.
Menconi, Anita
Bielke, Lisa R.
Hargis, Billy M.
Tellez, Guillermo
Evaluation and Selection of Bacillus Species Based on Enzyme Production, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biofilm Synthesis as Direct-Fed Microbial Candidates for Poultry
title Evaluation and Selection of Bacillus Species Based on Enzyme Production, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biofilm Synthesis as Direct-Fed Microbial Candidates for Poultry
title_full Evaluation and Selection of Bacillus Species Based on Enzyme Production, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biofilm Synthesis as Direct-Fed Microbial Candidates for Poultry
title_fullStr Evaluation and Selection of Bacillus Species Based on Enzyme Production, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biofilm Synthesis as Direct-Fed Microbial Candidates for Poultry
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation and Selection of Bacillus Species Based on Enzyme Production, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biofilm Synthesis as Direct-Fed Microbial Candidates for Poultry
title_short Evaluation and Selection of Bacillus Species Based on Enzyme Production, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biofilm Synthesis as Direct-Fed Microbial Candidates for Poultry
title_sort evaluation and selection of bacillus species based on enzyme production, antimicrobial activity, and biofilm synthesis as direct-fed microbial candidates for poultry
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5071321/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27812526
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00095
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