The Ikaros family of zinc-finger proteins

Ikaros represents a zinc-finger protein family important for lymphocyte development and certain other physiological processes. The number of family members is large, with alternative splicing producing various additional isoforms from each of the five homologous genes in the family. The functional forms of Ikaros proteins could be even more diverse due to protein–protein interactions readily established between family members. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting Ikaros proteins is feasible and effective in therapeutic applications, although the exact roles of Ikaros proteins remain elusive within the intricate regulatory networks in which they are involved. In this review we collect existing knowledge as to the functions, regulatory pathways, and molecular mechanisms of this family of proteins in an attempt to gain a better understanding through the comparison of activities and interactions among family members.