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Age and sex differences in hospitalisation of nursing home residents: a systematic review
OBJECTIVES: Nursing home residents (NHRs) are frequently suffering from multimorbidity, functional and cognitive impairment, often leading to hospital admissions. Studies have found that male NHRs are more often hospitalised. The influence of age is inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the epidemio...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5073589/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27855090 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011912 |
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author | Hoffmann, Falk Allers, Katharina |
author_facet | Hoffmann, Falk Allers, Katharina |
author_sort | Hoffmann, Falk |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: Nursing home residents (NHRs) are frequently suffering from multimorbidity, functional and cognitive impairment, often leading to hospital admissions. Studies have found that male NHRs are more often hospitalised. The influence of age is inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of hospitalisations in NHRs, particularly focusing on age-specific and sex-specific differences. DESIGN: A systematic review was performed in PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus. Quality of studies was assessed. SETTING: Studies conducted in nursing homes were included. PARTICIPANTS: Nursing home residents. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Outcome measures were the prevalence, incidence or duration of all-cause hospitalisation by age or sex. RESULTS: We identified 21 studies, 13 were conducted in the USA. The proportion of residents being hospitalised ranged across studies from 6.8% to 45.7% for various time periods of follow-up. A total of 20 studies assessed the influence of sex and found that hospitalisations are more often in male NHRs. A total of 16 studies conducted multivariate analyses and the OR of hospitalisation for males was between 1.22 and 1.67. Overall, 18 studies assessed the influence of age. Some studies showed an increasing proportion of admissions with increasing age, but several studies also found decreasing hospitalisations above the age of about 80–85 years. 8 of 13 studies conducting multivariate analyses included age as a continuous variable. Only 1 study reported stratified analyses by age and sex. 2 studies investigating primary causes of hospitalisation stratified by sex found some differences in main diagnoses. DISCUSSION: Male NHRs are more often hospitalised than females, but reasons for that are not well investigated. The influence of age is less clear, but there seems to be no clear linear relationship between age and the proportion being hospitalised. Further studies should investigate age and sex differences in frequencies and reasons for hospitalisation in NHRs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5073589 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50735892016-11-07 Age and sex differences in hospitalisation of nursing home residents: a systematic review Hoffmann, Falk Allers, Katharina BMJ Open Geriatric Medicine OBJECTIVES: Nursing home residents (NHRs) are frequently suffering from multimorbidity, functional and cognitive impairment, often leading to hospital admissions. Studies have found that male NHRs are more often hospitalised. The influence of age is inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of hospitalisations in NHRs, particularly focusing on age-specific and sex-specific differences. DESIGN: A systematic review was performed in PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus. Quality of studies was assessed. SETTING: Studies conducted in nursing homes were included. PARTICIPANTS: Nursing home residents. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Outcome measures were the prevalence, incidence or duration of all-cause hospitalisation by age or sex. RESULTS: We identified 21 studies, 13 were conducted in the USA. The proportion of residents being hospitalised ranged across studies from 6.8% to 45.7% for various time periods of follow-up. A total of 20 studies assessed the influence of sex and found that hospitalisations are more often in male NHRs. A total of 16 studies conducted multivariate analyses and the OR of hospitalisation for males was between 1.22 and 1.67. Overall, 18 studies assessed the influence of age. Some studies showed an increasing proportion of admissions with increasing age, but several studies also found decreasing hospitalisations above the age of about 80–85 years. 8 of 13 studies conducting multivariate analyses included age as a continuous variable. Only 1 study reported stratified analyses by age and sex. 2 studies investigating primary causes of hospitalisation stratified by sex found some differences in main diagnoses. DISCUSSION: Male NHRs are more often hospitalised than females, but reasons for that are not well investigated. The influence of age is less clear, but there seems to be no clear linear relationship between age and the proportion being hospitalised. Further studies should investigate age and sex differences in frequencies and reasons for hospitalisation in NHRs. BMJ Publishing Group 2016-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5073589/ /pubmed/27855090 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011912 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Geriatric Medicine Hoffmann, Falk Allers, Katharina Age and sex differences in hospitalisation of nursing home residents: a systematic review |
title | Age and sex differences in hospitalisation of nursing home residents: a systematic review |
title_full | Age and sex differences in hospitalisation of nursing home residents: a systematic review |
title_fullStr | Age and sex differences in hospitalisation of nursing home residents: a systematic review |
title_full_unstemmed | Age and sex differences in hospitalisation of nursing home residents: a systematic review |
title_short | Age and sex differences in hospitalisation of nursing home residents: a systematic review |
title_sort | age and sex differences in hospitalisation of nursing home residents: a systematic review |
topic | Geriatric Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5073589/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27855090 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011912 |
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