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The effect of physiological levels of South African puff adder (Bitis arietans) snake venom on blood cells: an in vitro model
A significant burden of illness is caused globally by snakebites particularly by the puff adder, Bitis arietans. Presently there is no reliable and rapid method to confirm envenomation on blood chemistry; although coagulation parameters like prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, internation...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5075924/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27775063 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep35988 |
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author | Strydom, Morné A. Bester, Janette Mbotwe, Sthembile Pretorius, Etheresia |
author_facet | Strydom, Morné A. Bester, Janette Mbotwe, Sthembile Pretorius, Etheresia |
author_sort | Strydom, Morné A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | A significant burden of illness is caused globally by snakebites particularly by the puff adder, Bitis arietans. Presently there is no reliable and rapid method to confirm envenomation on blood chemistry; although coagulation parameters like prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio and also serum electrolytes are tested. Here, we found that direct in vitro exposure of physiological relevant whole venom levels to human healthy blood (N = 32), caused significant physiological changes to platelet activity using a hematology analyzer, and measuring occlusion time, as well as lyses time, with the global thrombosis test (GTT). Disintegrated platelets were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also confirmed the pathologic effects on erythrocytes (RBCs) (visible as eryptotic RBCs), by looking at both light microscopy and SEM. Thromboelastography showed that no clot formation in whole blood could be induced after addition of whole venom. We propose further clinical studies to investigate the use of light microscopy smears and hematology analyzer results immediately after envenomation, as a possible first-stage of clinical confirmation of envenomation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5075924 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50759242016-10-28 The effect of physiological levels of South African puff adder (Bitis arietans) snake venom on blood cells: an in vitro model Strydom, Morné A. Bester, Janette Mbotwe, Sthembile Pretorius, Etheresia Sci Rep Article A significant burden of illness is caused globally by snakebites particularly by the puff adder, Bitis arietans. Presently there is no reliable and rapid method to confirm envenomation on blood chemistry; although coagulation parameters like prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio and also serum electrolytes are tested. Here, we found that direct in vitro exposure of physiological relevant whole venom levels to human healthy blood (N = 32), caused significant physiological changes to platelet activity using a hematology analyzer, and measuring occlusion time, as well as lyses time, with the global thrombosis test (GTT). Disintegrated platelets were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also confirmed the pathologic effects on erythrocytes (RBCs) (visible as eryptotic RBCs), by looking at both light microscopy and SEM. Thromboelastography showed that no clot formation in whole blood could be induced after addition of whole venom. We propose further clinical studies to investigate the use of light microscopy smears and hematology analyzer results immediately after envenomation, as a possible first-stage of clinical confirmation of envenomation. Nature Publishing Group 2016-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC5075924/ /pubmed/27775063 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep35988 Text en Copyright © 2016, The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Strydom, Morné A. Bester, Janette Mbotwe, Sthembile Pretorius, Etheresia The effect of physiological levels of South African puff adder (Bitis arietans) snake venom on blood cells: an in vitro model |
title | The effect of physiological levels of South African puff adder (Bitis arietans) snake venom on blood cells: an in vitro model |
title_full | The effect of physiological levels of South African puff adder (Bitis arietans) snake venom on blood cells: an in vitro model |
title_fullStr | The effect of physiological levels of South African puff adder (Bitis arietans) snake venom on blood cells: an in vitro model |
title_full_unstemmed | The effect of physiological levels of South African puff adder (Bitis arietans) snake venom on blood cells: an in vitro model |
title_short | The effect of physiological levels of South African puff adder (Bitis arietans) snake venom on blood cells: an in vitro model |
title_sort | effect of physiological levels of south african puff adder (bitis arietans) snake venom on blood cells: an in vitro model |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5075924/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27775063 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep35988 |
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