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The Time-Course of Ultrarapid Categorization: The Influence of Scene Congruency and Top-Down Processing

Although categorization can take place at different levels of abstraction, classic studies on semantic labeling identified the basic level, for example, dog, as entry point for categorization. Ultrarapid categorization tasks have contradicted these findings, indicating that participants are faster a...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Vanmarcke, Steven, Calders, Filip, Wagemans, Johan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5076752/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27803794
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669516673384
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author Vanmarcke, Steven
Calders, Filip
Wagemans, Johan
author_facet Vanmarcke, Steven
Calders, Filip
Wagemans, Johan
author_sort Vanmarcke, Steven
collection PubMed
description Although categorization can take place at different levels of abstraction, classic studies on semantic labeling identified the basic level, for example, dog, as entry point for categorization. Ultrarapid categorization tasks have contradicted these findings, indicating that participants are faster at detecting superordinate-level information, for example, animal, in a complex visual image. We argue that both seemingly contradictive findings can be reconciled within the framework of parallel distributed processing and its successor Leabra (Local, Error-driven and Associative, Biologically Realistic Algorithm). The current study aimed at verifying this prediction in an ultrarapid categorization task with a dynamically changing presentation time (PT) for each briefly presented object, followed by a perceptual mask. Furthermore, we manipulated two defining task variables: level of categorization (basic vs. superordinate categorization) and object presentation mode (object-in-isolation vs. object-in-context). In contradiction with previous ultrarapid categorization research, focusing on reaction time, we used accuracy as our main dependent variable. Results indicated a consistent superordinate processing advantage, coinciding with an overall improvement in performance with longer PT and a significantly more accurate detection of objects in isolation, compared with objects in context, at lower stimulus PT. This contextual disadvantage disappeared when PT increased, indicating that figure-ground separation with recurrent processing is vital for meaningful contextual processing to occur.
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spelling pubmed-50767522016-11-01 The Time-Course of Ultrarapid Categorization: The Influence of Scene Congruency and Top-Down Processing Vanmarcke, Steven Calders, Filip Wagemans, Johan Iperception Article Although categorization can take place at different levels of abstraction, classic studies on semantic labeling identified the basic level, for example, dog, as entry point for categorization. Ultrarapid categorization tasks have contradicted these findings, indicating that participants are faster at detecting superordinate-level information, for example, animal, in a complex visual image. We argue that both seemingly contradictive findings can be reconciled within the framework of parallel distributed processing and its successor Leabra (Local, Error-driven and Associative, Biologically Realistic Algorithm). The current study aimed at verifying this prediction in an ultrarapid categorization task with a dynamically changing presentation time (PT) for each briefly presented object, followed by a perceptual mask. Furthermore, we manipulated two defining task variables: level of categorization (basic vs. superordinate categorization) and object presentation mode (object-in-isolation vs. object-in-context). In contradiction with previous ultrarapid categorization research, focusing on reaction time, we used accuracy as our main dependent variable. Results indicated a consistent superordinate processing advantage, coinciding with an overall improvement in performance with longer PT and a significantly more accurate detection of objects in isolation, compared with objects in context, at lower stimulus PT. This contextual disadvantage disappeared when PT increased, indicating that figure-ground separation with recurrent processing is vital for meaningful contextual processing to occur. SAGE Publications 2016-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5076752/ /pubmed/27803794 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669516673384 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Article
Vanmarcke, Steven
Calders, Filip
Wagemans, Johan
The Time-Course of Ultrarapid Categorization: The Influence of Scene Congruency and Top-Down Processing
title The Time-Course of Ultrarapid Categorization: The Influence of Scene Congruency and Top-Down Processing
title_full The Time-Course of Ultrarapid Categorization: The Influence of Scene Congruency and Top-Down Processing
title_fullStr The Time-Course of Ultrarapid Categorization: The Influence of Scene Congruency and Top-Down Processing
title_full_unstemmed The Time-Course of Ultrarapid Categorization: The Influence of Scene Congruency and Top-Down Processing
title_short The Time-Course of Ultrarapid Categorization: The Influence of Scene Congruency and Top-Down Processing
title_sort time-course of ultrarapid categorization: the influence of scene congruency and top-down processing
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5076752/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27803794
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669516673384
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