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Immature Spinal Locomotor Output in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Detailed descriptions of gait impairments have been reported in cerebral palsy (CP), but it is still unclear how maturation of the spinal motoneuron output is affected. Spatiotemporal alpha-motoneuron activation during walking can be assessed by mapping the electromyographic activity profiles from s...

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Autores principales: Cappellini, Germana, Ivanenko, Yury P., Martino, Giovanni, MacLellan, Michael J., Sacco, Annalisa, Morelli, Daniela, Lacquaniti, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5078720/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27826251
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00478
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author Cappellini, Germana
Ivanenko, Yury P.
Martino, Giovanni
MacLellan, Michael J.
Sacco, Annalisa
Morelli, Daniela
Lacquaniti, Francesco
author_facet Cappellini, Germana
Ivanenko, Yury P.
Martino, Giovanni
MacLellan, Michael J.
Sacco, Annalisa
Morelli, Daniela
Lacquaniti, Francesco
author_sort Cappellini, Germana
collection PubMed
description Detailed descriptions of gait impairments have been reported in cerebral palsy (CP), but it is still unclear how maturation of the spinal motoneuron output is affected. Spatiotemporal alpha-motoneuron activation during walking can be assessed by mapping the electromyographic activity profiles from several, simultaneously recorded muscles onto the anatomical rostrocaudal location of the motoneuron pools in the spinal cord, and by means of factor analysis of the muscle activity profiles. Here, we analyzed gait kinematics and EMG activity of 11 pairs of bilateral muscles with lumbosacral innervation in 35 children with CP (19 diplegic, 16 hemiplegic, 2–12 years) and 33 typically developing (TD) children (1–12 years). TD children showed a progressive reduction of EMG burst durations and a gradual reorganization of the spatiotemporal motoneuron output with increasing age. By contrast, children with CP showed very limited age-related changes of EMG durations and motoneuron output, as well as of limb intersegmental coordination and foot trajectory control (on both sides for diplegic children and the affected side for hemiplegic children). Factorization of the EMG signals revealed a comparable structure of the motor output in children with CP and TD children, but significantly wider temporal activation patterns in children with CP, resembling the patterns of much younger TD infants. A similar picture emerged when considering the spatiotemporal maps of alpha-motoneuron activation. Overall, the results are consistent with the idea that early injuries to developing motor regions of the brain substantially affect the maturation of the spinal locomotor output and consequently the future locomotor behavior.
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spelling pubmed-50787202016-11-08 Immature Spinal Locomotor Output in Children with Cerebral Palsy Cappellini, Germana Ivanenko, Yury P. Martino, Giovanni MacLellan, Michael J. Sacco, Annalisa Morelli, Daniela Lacquaniti, Francesco Front Physiol Physiology Detailed descriptions of gait impairments have been reported in cerebral palsy (CP), but it is still unclear how maturation of the spinal motoneuron output is affected. Spatiotemporal alpha-motoneuron activation during walking can be assessed by mapping the electromyographic activity profiles from several, simultaneously recorded muscles onto the anatomical rostrocaudal location of the motoneuron pools in the spinal cord, and by means of factor analysis of the muscle activity profiles. Here, we analyzed gait kinematics and EMG activity of 11 pairs of bilateral muscles with lumbosacral innervation in 35 children with CP (19 diplegic, 16 hemiplegic, 2–12 years) and 33 typically developing (TD) children (1–12 years). TD children showed a progressive reduction of EMG burst durations and a gradual reorganization of the spatiotemporal motoneuron output with increasing age. By contrast, children with CP showed very limited age-related changes of EMG durations and motoneuron output, as well as of limb intersegmental coordination and foot trajectory control (on both sides for diplegic children and the affected side for hemiplegic children). Factorization of the EMG signals revealed a comparable structure of the motor output in children with CP and TD children, but significantly wider temporal activation patterns in children with CP, resembling the patterns of much younger TD infants. A similar picture emerged when considering the spatiotemporal maps of alpha-motoneuron activation. Overall, the results are consistent with the idea that early injuries to developing motor regions of the brain substantially affect the maturation of the spinal locomotor output and consequently the future locomotor behavior. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC5078720/ /pubmed/27826251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00478 Text en Copyright © 2016 Cappellini, Ivanenko, Martino, MacLellan, Sacco, Morelli and Lacquaniti. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Cappellini, Germana
Ivanenko, Yury P.
Martino, Giovanni
MacLellan, Michael J.
Sacco, Annalisa
Morelli, Daniela
Lacquaniti, Francesco
Immature Spinal Locomotor Output in Children with Cerebral Palsy
title Immature Spinal Locomotor Output in Children with Cerebral Palsy
title_full Immature Spinal Locomotor Output in Children with Cerebral Palsy
title_fullStr Immature Spinal Locomotor Output in Children with Cerebral Palsy
title_full_unstemmed Immature Spinal Locomotor Output in Children with Cerebral Palsy
title_short Immature Spinal Locomotor Output in Children with Cerebral Palsy
title_sort immature spinal locomotor output in children with cerebral palsy
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5078720/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27826251
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00478
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