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Understanding force-generating microtubule systems through in vitro reconstitution

Microtubules switch between growing and shrinking states, a feature known as dynamic instability. The biochemical parameters underlying dynamic instability are modulated by a wide variety of microtubule-associated proteins that enable the strict control of microtubule dynamics in cells. The forces g...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Vleugel, Mathijs, Kok, Maurits, Dogterom, Marileen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5079405/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27715396
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19336918.2016.1241923
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author Vleugel, Mathijs
Kok, Maurits
Dogterom, Marileen
author_facet Vleugel, Mathijs
Kok, Maurits
Dogterom, Marileen
author_sort Vleugel, Mathijs
collection PubMed
description Microtubules switch between growing and shrinking states, a feature known as dynamic instability. The biochemical parameters underlying dynamic instability are modulated by a wide variety of microtubule-associated proteins that enable the strict control of microtubule dynamics in cells. The forces generated by controlled growth and shrinkage of microtubules drive a large range of processes, including organelle positioning, mitotic spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation. In the past decade, our understanding of microtubule dynamics and microtubule force generation has progressed significantly. Here, we review the microtubule-intrinsic process of dynamic instability, the effect of external factors on this process, and how the resulting forces act on various biological systems. Recently, reconstitution-based approaches have strongly benefited from extensive biochemical and biophysical characterization of individual components that are involved in regulating or transmitting microtubule-driven forces. We will focus on the current state of reconstituting increasingly complex biological systems and provide new directions for future developments.
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spelling pubmed-50794052017-01-06 Understanding force-generating microtubule systems through in vitro reconstitution Vleugel, Mathijs Kok, Maurits Dogterom, Marileen Cell Adh Migr Commentary Microtubules switch between growing and shrinking states, a feature known as dynamic instability. The biochemical parameters underlying dynamic instability are modulated by a wide variety of microtubule-associated proteins that enable the strict control of microtubule dynamics in cells. The forces generated by controlled growth and shrinkage of microtubules drive a large range of processes, including organelle positioning, mitotic spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation. In the past decade, our understanding of microtubule dynamics and microtubule force generation has progressed significantly. Here, we review the microtubule-intrinsic process of dynamic instability, the effect of external factors on this process, and how the resulting forces act on various biological systems. Recently, reconstitution-based approaches have strongly benefited from extensive biochemical and biophysical characterization of individual components that are involved in regulating or transmitting microtubule-driven forces. We will focus on the current state of reconstituting increasingly complex biological systems and provide new directions for future developments. Taylor & Francis 2016-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5079405/ /pubmed/27715396 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19336918.2016.1241923 Text en © 2016 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.
spellingShingle Commentary
Vleugel, Mathijs
Kok, Maurits
Dogterom, Marileen
Understanding force-generating microtubule systems through in vitro reconstitution
title Understanding force-generating microtubule systems through in vitro reconstitution
title_full Understanding force-generating microtubule systems through in vitro reconstitution
title_fullStr Understanding force-generating microtubule systems through in vitro reconstitution
title_full_unstemmed Understanding force-generating microtubule systems through in vitro reconstitution
title_short Understanding force-generating microtubule systems through in vitro reconstitution
title_sort understanding force-generating microtubule systems through in vitro reconstitution
topic Commentary
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5079405/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27715396
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19336918.2016.1241923
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