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Epigenetics of Ancient DNA
Initially, the study of DNA isolated from ancient specimens had been based on the analysis of the primary nucleotide sequence. This approach has allowed researchers to study the evolutionary changes that occur in different populations and determine the influence of the environment on genetic selecti...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
A.I. Gordeyev
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5081710/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27795845 |
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author | Zhenilo, S. V. Sokolov, A.S. Prokhortchouk, E. B. |
author_facet | Zhenilo, S. V. Sokolov, A.S. Prokhortchouk, E. B. |
author_sort | Zhenilo, S. V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Initially, the study of DNA isolated from ancient specimens had been based on the analysis of the primary nucleotide sequence. This approach has allowed researchers to study the evolutionary changes that occur in different populations and determine the influence of the environment on genetic selection. However, the improvement of methodological approaches to genome-wide analysis has opened up new possibilities in the search for the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression. It was discovered recently that the methylation status of the regulatory elements of the HOXD cluster and MEIS1 gene changed during human evolution. Epigenetic changes in these genes played a key role in the evolution of the limbs of modern humans. Recent works have demonstrated that it is possible to determine the transcriptional activity of genes in ancient DNA samples by combining information on DNA methylation and the DNAaseI hypersensitive sequences located at the transcription start sites of genes. In the nearest future, if a preserved fossils brain is found, it will be possible to identify the evolutionary changes in the higher nervous system associated with epigenetic differences. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5081710 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | A.I. Gordeyev |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50817102016-10-28 Epigenetics of Ancient DNA Zhenilo, S. V. Sokolov, A.S. Prokhortchouk, E. B. Acta Naturae Research Article Initially, the study of DNA isolated from ancient specimens had been based on the analysis of the primary nucleotide sequence. This approach has allowed researchers to study the evolutionary changes that occur in different populations and determine the influence of the environment on genetic selection. However, the improvement of methodological approaches to genome-wide analysis has opened up new possibilities in the search for the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression. It was discovered recently that the methylation status of the regulatory elements of the HOXD cluster and MEIS1 gene changed during human evolution. Epigenetic changes in these genes played a key role in the evolution of the limbs of modern humans. Recent works have demonstrated that it is possible to determine the transcriptional activity of genes in ancient DNA samples by combining information on DNA methylation and the DNAaseI hypersensitive sequences located at the transcription start sites of genes. In the nearest future, if a preserved fossils brain is found, it will be possible to identify the evolutionary changes in the higher nervous system associated with epigenetic differences. A.I. Gordeyev 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC5081710/ /pubmed/27795845 Text en Copyright ® 2016 Park-media Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zhenilo, S. V. Sokolov, A.S. Prokhortchouk, E. B. Epigenetics of Ancient DNA |
title | Epigenetics of Ancient DNA |
title_full | Epigenetics of Ancient DNA |
title_fullStr | Epigenetics of Ancient DNA |
title_full_unstemmed | Epigenetics of Ancient DNA |
title_short | Epigenetics of Ancient DNA |
title_sort | epigenetics of ancient dna |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5081710/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27795845 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT zhenilosv epigeneticsofancientdna AT sokolovas epigeneticsofancientdna AT prokhortchoukeb epigeneticsofancientdna |