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Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice
The objective of this study was to investigate the immune-enhancing activity of a high molecular weight fraction (HMF) of Cynanchum wilfordii in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the cyclophosphamide (CYC)-induced mouse model of immunosuppression. To identify the bioactive substances of HMF, a crude polysac...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5083988/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27690089 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8100600 |
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author | Jang, Mi Lim, Tae-Gyu Ahn, Sungeun Hong, Hee-Do Rhee, Young Kyoung Kim, Kyung-Tack Lee, Eunjung Lee, Jeong Hoon Lee, Yun Ji Jung, Chan Sik Lee, Dae Young Cho, Chang-Won |
author_facet | Jang, Mi Lim, Tae-Gyu Ahn, Sungeun Hong, Hee-Do Rhee, Young Kyoung Kim, Kyung-Tack Lee, Eunjung Lee, Jeong Hoon Lee, Yun Ji Jung, Chan Sik Lee, Dae Young Cho, Chang-Won |
author_sort | Jang, Mi |
collection | PubMed |
description | The objective of this study was to investigate the immune-enhancing activity of a high molecular weight fraction (HMF) of Cynanchum wilfordii in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the cyclophosphamide (CYC)-induced mouse model of immunosuppression. To identify the bioactive substances of HMF, a crude polysaccharide (HMFO) was obtained and treated with sodium periodate (an oxidation agent) or digested with protease. In macrophages, HMF treatment enhanced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)), as well as phagocytic ability. In CYC-immunosuppressed mice, HMF improved relative spleen and thymus weights, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and splenic lymphocyte proliferation. These increases in NO and cytokines were mediated by up-regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Periodate treatment, but not protease treatment, decreased the immune-enhancing activity of HMFO, suggesting that polysaccharides are the active ingredients in C. wilfordii extract. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5083988 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50839882016-11-01 Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice Jang, Mi Lim, Tae-Gyu Ahn, Sungeun Hong, Hee-Do Rhee, Young Kyoung Kim, Kyung-Tack Lee, Eunjung Lee, Jeong Hoon Lee, Yun Ji Jung, Chan Sik Lee, Dae Young Cho, Chang-Won Nutrients Article The objective of this study was to investigate the immune-enhancing activity of a high molecular weight fraction (HMF) of Cynanchum wilfordii in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the cyclophosphamide (CYC)-induced mouse model of immunosuppression. To identify the bioactive substances of HMF, a crude polysaccharide (HMFO) was obtained and treated with sodium periodate (an oxidation agent) or digested with protease. In macrophages, HMF treatment enhanced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)), as well as phagocytic ability. In CYC-immunosuppressed mice, HMF improved relative spleen and thymus weights, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and splenic lymphocyte proliferation. These increases in NO and cytokines were mediated by up-regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Periodate treatment, but not protease treatment, decreased the immune-enhancing activity of HMFO, suggesting that polysaccharides are the active ingredients in C. wilfordii extract. MDPI 2016-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC5083988/ /pubmed/27690089 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8100600 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Jang, Mi Lim, Tae-Gyu Ahn, Sungeun Hong, Hee-Do Rhee, Young Kyoung Kim, Kyung-Tack Lee, Eunjung Lee, Jeong Hoon Lee, Yun Ji Jung, Chan Sik Lee, Dae Young Cho, Chang-Won Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice |
title | Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice |
title_full | Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice |
title_fullStr | Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice |
title_short | Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice |
title_sort | immune-enhancing effects of a high molecular weight fraction of cynanchum wilfordii hemsley in macrophages and immunosuppressed mice |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5083988/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27690089 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8100600 |
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