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Optic disc pit maculopathy: when and how to treat? A review of the pathogenesis and treatment options
Optic disc pit (ODP) is a rare congenital anomaly of the optic disc, which can be complicated by a maculopathy associated with progressive visual loss. Optic disc pits are usually unilateral and sporadic in occurrence, and the development of maculopathy is unpredictable with no known triggers. Optic...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5088488/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27847606 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40942-015-0013-8 |
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author | Moisseiev, Elad Moisseiev, Joseph Loewenstein, Anat |
author_facet | Moisseiev, Elad Moisseiev, Joseph Loewenstein, Anat |
author_sort | Moisseiev, Elad |
collection | PubMed |
description | Optic disc pit (ODP) is a rare congenital anomaly of the optic disc, which can be complicated by a maculopathy associated with progressive visual loss. Optic disc pits are usually unilateral and sporadic in occurrence, and the development of maculopathy is unpredictable with no known triggers. Optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M) is characterized by intraretinal and subretinal fluid at the macula, causing visual deterioration. The source of this fluid is still unclear, and several competing theories have suggested it may be vitreous fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, leakage from blood vessels at the base of the pit or leakage from the choroid. The mechanism of pathogenesis of ODP-M has not been fully elucidated, but vitreous liquefaction and traction and pressure gradients within the eye have been implicated to be involved. There are no clear guidelines on the management of patients with ODP-M, and numerous techniques have been described, including laser photocoagulation, intravitreal gas injection, macular buckling and pars plana vitrectomy with many different modifications. The majority of reports describe small series, and as there are no comparative studies there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment for ODP-M. This review discusses the literature on the possible sources of fluid and mechanisms of pathogenesis in ODP-M, as well as the wide array of treatment modalities and their results. Based on these, a set of recommended key concepts for the timing and choice of treatment for these challenging are presented. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5088488 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50884882016-11-15 Optic disc pit maculopathy: when and how to treat? A review of the pathogenesis and treatment options Moisseiev, Elad Moisseiev, Joseph Loewenstein, Anat Int J Retina Vitreous Review Optic disc pit (ODP) is a rare congenital anomaly of the optic disc, which can be complicated by a maculopathy associated with progressive visual loss. Optic disc pits are usually unilateral and sporadic in occurrence, and the development of maculopathy is unpredictable with no known triggers. Optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M) is characterized by intraretinal and subretinal fluid at the macula, causing visual deterioration. The source of this fluid is still unclear, and several competing theories have suggested it may be vitreous fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, leakage from blood vessels at the base of the pit or leakage from the choroid. The mechanism of pathogenesis of ODP-M has not been fully elucidated, but vitreous liquefaction and traction and pressure gradients within the eye have been implicated to be involved. There are no clear guidelines on the management of patients with ODP-M, and numerous techniques have been described, including laser photocoagulation, intravitreal gas injection, macular buckling and pars plana vitrectomy with many different modifications. The majority of reports describe small series, and as there are no comparative studies there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment for ODP-M. This review discusses the literature on the possible sources of fluid and mechanisms of pathogenesis in ODP-M, as well as the wide array of treatment modalities and their results. Based on these, a set of recommended key concepts for the timing and choice of treatment for these challenging are presented. BioMed Central 2015-08-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5088488/ /pubmed/27847606 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40942-015-0013-8 Text en © Moisseiev et al. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Review Moisseiev, Elad Moisseiev, Joseph Loewenstein, Anat Optic disc pit maculopathy: when and how to treat? A review of the pathogenesis and treatment options |
title | Optic disc pit maculopathy: when and how to treat? A review of the pathogenesis and treatment options |
title_full | Optic disc pit maculopathy: when and how to treat? A review of the pathogenesis and treatment options |
title_fullStr | Optic disc pit maculopathy: when and how to treat? A review of the pathogenesis and treatment options |
title_full_unstemmed | Optic disc pit maculopathy: when and how to treat? A review of the pathogenesis and treatment options |
title_short | Optic disc pit maculopathy: when and how to treat? A review of the pathogenesis and treatment options |
title_sort | optic disc pit maculopathy: when and how to treat? a review of the pathogenesis and treatment options |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5088488/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27847606 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40942-015-0013-8 |
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