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Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms

Due to their unique physicochemical properties, graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) are widely used in many fields, especially in biomedical applications. Currently, many studies have investigated the biocompatibility and toxicity of GFNs in vivo and in intro. Generally, GFNs may exert different de...

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Autores principales: Ou, Lingling, Song, Bin, Liang, Huimin, Liu, Jia, Feng, Xiaoli, Deng, Bin, Sun, Ting, Shao, Longquan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5088662/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799056
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-016-0168-y
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author Ou, Lingling
Song, Bin
Liang, Huimin
Liu, Jia
Feng, Xiaoli
Deng, Bin
Sun, Ting
Shao, Longquan
author_facet Ou, Lingling
Song, Bin
Liang, Huimin
Liu, Jia
Feng, Xiaoli
Deng, Bin
Sun, Ting
Shao, Longquan
author_sort Ou, Lingling
collection PubMed
description Due to their unique physicochemical properties, graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) are widely used in many fields, especially in biomedical applications. Currently, many studies have investigated the biocompatibility and toxicity of GFNs in vivo and in intro. Generally, GFNs may exert different degrees of toxicity in animals or cell models by following with different administration routes and penetrating through physiological barriers, subsequently being distributed in tissues or located in cells, eventually being excreted out of the bodies. This review collects studies on the toxic effects of GFNs in several organs and cell models. We also point out that various factors determine the toxicity of GFNs including the lateral size, surface structure, functionalization, charge, impurities, aggregations, and corona effect ect. In addition, several typical mechanisms underlying GFN toxicity have been revealed, for instance, physical destruction, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. In these mechanisms, (toll-like receptors-) TLR-, transforming growth factor β- (TGF-β-) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) dependent-pathways are involved in the signalling pathway network, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in these pathways. In this review, we summarize the available information on regulating factors and the mechanisms of GFNs toxicity, and propose some challenges and suggestions for further investigations of GFNs, with the aim of completing the toxicology mechanisms, and providing suggestions to improve the biological safety of GFNs and facilitate their wide application.
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spelling pubmed-50886622016-11-07 Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms Ou, Lingling Song, Bin Liang, Huimin Liu, Jia Feng, Xiaoli Deng, Bin Sun, Ting Shao, Longquan Part Fibre Toxicol Review Due to their unique physicochemical properties, graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) are widely used in many fields, especially in biomedical applications. Currently, many studies have investigated the biocompatibility and toxicity of GFNs in vivo and in intro. Generally, GFNs may exert different degrees of toxicity in animals or cell models by following with different administration routes and penetrating through physiological barriers, subsequently being distributed in tissues or located in cells, eventually being excreted out of the bodies. This review collects studies on the toxic effects of GFNs in several organs and cell models. We also point out that various factors determine the toxicity of GFNs including the lateral size, surface structure, functionalization, charge, impurities, aggregations, and corona effect ect. In addition, several typical mechanisms underlying GFN toxicity have been revealed, for instance, physical destruction, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. In these mechanisms, (toll-like receptors-) TLR-, transforming growth factor β- (TGF-β-) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) dependent-pathways are involved in the signalling pathway network, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in these pathways. In this review, we summarize the available information on regulating factors and the mechanisms of GFNs toxicity, and propose some challenges and suggestions for further investigations of GFNs, with the aim of completing the toxicology mechanisms, and providing suggestions to improve the biological safety of GFNs and facilitate their wide application. BioMed Central 2016-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5088662/ /pubmed/27799056 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-016-0168-y Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Ou, Lingling
Song, Bin
Liang, Huimin
Liu, Jia
Feng, Xiaoli
Deng, Bin
Sun, Ting
Shao, Longquan
Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms
title Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms
title_full Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms
title_fullStr Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms
title_short Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms
title_sort toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5088662/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799056
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-016-0168-y
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