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Detoxification and sensing mechanisms are of similar importance for Cd resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

The present study employed mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the internal cadmium concentrations (Cd(int)) in Caenorhabditis elegans to determine Cd uptake from a Cd-containing environment as well as Cd release under Cd-free conditions. To analyze the functional role of several ATP binding casse...

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Autores principales: Winter, Sarah A., Dölling, Ramona, Knopf, Burkhard, Mendelski, Martha N., Schäfers, Christoph, Paul, Rüdiger J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5090194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822562
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00183
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author Winter, Sarah A.
Dölling, Ramona
Knopf, Burkhard
Mendelski, Martha N.
Schäfers, Christoph
Paul, Rüdiger J.
author_facet Winter, Sarah A.
Dölling, Ramona
Knopf, Burkhard
Mendelski, Martha N.
Schäfers, Christoph
Paul, Rüdiger J.
author_sort Winter, Sarah A.
collection PubMed
description The present study employed mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the internal cadmium concentrations (Cd(int)) in Caenorhabditis elegans to determine Cd uptake from a Cd-containing environment as well as Cd release under Cd-free conditions. To analyze the functional role of several ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters (e.g., HMT-1 and MRP-1) and phytochelatin synthase (PCS), we compared wild-type (WT) and different mutant strains of C. elegans. As a pre-test on selected mutant strains, several time-resolved experiments were performed to determine the survival rate and avoidance behavior of C. elegans under Cd stress, which confirmed the already known Cd sensitivity of the deletion mutants mrp-1Δ, pcs-1Δ, and hmt-1Δ. In addition, these experiments revealed flight reactions under Cd stress to be almost completely absent in mrp-1Δ mutants. The ICP-MS studies showed Cd uptake to be significantly higher in mrp-1Δ and WT than in hmt-1Δ. As Cd is ingested with food, food refusal due to very early Cd stress and its perception was likely the reason for the reduced Cd uptake of hmt-1Δ. Cd release (detoxification) was found to be maximal in mrp-1Δ, minimal in hmt-1Δ, and intermediate in WT. High mortality under Cd stress, food refusal, and minimal Cd release in the case of hmt-1Δ suggest a vital importance of the HMT-1/PCS-1 detoxification system for the survival of C. elegans under Cd stress. High mortality under Cd stress, absence of an avoidance behavior, missing food refusal, and maximal Cd release in the case of mrp-1Δ indicate that MRP-1 is less important for Cd detoxification under severe stress, but is probably important for Cd perception. Accordingly, our results suggest that the survival of WT under Cd stress (or possibly other forms of metal stress) primarily depends on the function of the HMT-1/PCS-1 detoxification system and the presence of a sensing mechanism to control the uptake of Cd (or other metals), which keeps internal Cd (or metal) concentrations under control, to some extent, for the timely mobilization of protection and repair systems.
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spelling pubmed-50901942016-11-07 Detoxification and sensing mechanisms are of similar importance for Cd resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans Winter, Sarah A. Dölling, Ramona Knopf, Burkhard Mendelski, Martha N. Schäfers, Christoph Paul, Rüdiger J. Heliyon Article The present study employed mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the internal cadmium concentrations (Cd(int)) in Caenorhabditis elegans to determine Cd uptake from a Cd-containing environment as well as Cd release under Cd-free conditions. To analyze the functional role of several ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters (e.g., HMT-1 and MRP-1) and phytochelatin synthase (PCS), we compared wild-type (WT) and different mutant strains of C. elegans. As a pre-test on selected mutant strains, several time-resolved experiments were performed to determine the survival rate and avoidance behavior of C. elegans under Cd stress, which confirmed the already known Cd sensitivity of the deletion mutants mrp-1Δ, pcs-1Δ, and hmt-1Δ. In addition, these experiments revealed flight reactions under Cd stress to be almost completely absent in mrp-1Δ mutants. The ICP-MS studies showed Cd uptake to be significantly higher in mrp-1Δ and WT than in hmt-1Δ. As Cd is ingested with food, food refusal due to very early Cd stress and its perception was likely the reason for the reduced Cd uptake of hmt-1Δ. Cd release (detoxification) was found to be maximal in mrp-1Δ, minimal in hmt-1Δ, and intermediate in WT. High mortality under Cd stress, food refusal, and minimal Cd release in the case of hmt-1Δ suggest a vital importance of the HMT-1/PCS-1 detoxification system for the survival of C. elegans under Cd stress. High mortality under Cd stress, absence of an avoidance behavior, missing food refusal, and maximal Cd release in the case of mrp-1Δ indicate that MRP-1 is less important for Cd detoxification under severe stress, but is probably important for Cd perception. Accordingly, our results suggest that the survival of WT under Cd stress (or possibly other forms of metal stress) primarily depends on the function of the HMT-1/PCS-1 detoxification system and the presence of a sensing mechanism to control the uptake of Cd (or other metals), which keeps internal Cd (or metal) concentrations under control, to some extent, for the timely mobilization of protection and repair systems. Elsevier 2016-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC5090194/ /pubmed/27822562 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00183 Text en © 2016 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Winter, Sarah A.
Dölling, Ramona
Knopf, Burkhard
Mendelski, Martha N.
Schäfers, Christoph
Paul, Rüdiger J.
Detoxification and sensing mechanisms are of similar importance for Cd resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans
title Detoxification and sensing mechanisms are of similar importance for Cd resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans
title_full Detoxification and sensing mechanisms are of similar importance for Cd resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans
title_fullStr Detoxification and sensing mechanisms are of similar importance for Cd resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans
title_full_unstemmed Detoxification and sensing mechanisms are of similar importance for Cd resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans
title_short Detoxification and sensing mechanisms are of similar importance for Cd resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans
title_sort detoxification and sensing mechanisms are of similar importance for cd resistance in caenorhabditis elegans
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5090194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822562
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00183
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