Cargando…

Neuroimaging in vascular cognitive impairment: a state-of-the-art review

Imaging is critical in the diagnosis and treatment of dementia, particularly in vascular cognitive impairment, due to the visualization of ischemic and hemorrhagic injury of gray and white matter. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) provide structural and function...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Heiss, Wolf-Dieter, Rosenberg, Gary A., Thiel, Alexander, Berlot, Rok, de Reuck, Jacques
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5094143/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27806705
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0725-0
_version_ 1782465070780907520
author Heiss, Wolf-Dieter
Rosenberg, Gary A.
Thiel, Alexander
Berlot, Rok
de Reuck, Jacques
author_facet Heiss, Wolf-Dieter
Rosenberg, Gary A.
Thiel, Alexander
Berlot, Rok
de Reuck, Jacques
author_sort Heiss, Wolf-Dieter
collection PubMed
description Imaging is critical in the diagnosis and treatment of dementia, particularly in vascular cognitive impairment, due to the visualization of ischemic and hemorrhagic injury of gray and white matter. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) provide structural and functional information. Clinical MRI is both generally available and versatile – T2-weighted images show infarcts, FLAIR shows white matter changes and lacunar infarcts, and susceptibility-weighted images reveal microbleeds. Diffusion MRI adds another dimension by showing graded damage to white matter, making it more sensitive to white matter injury than FLAIR. Regions of neuroinflammatory disruption of the blood–brain barrier with increased permeability can be quantified and visualized with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. PET shows metabolism of glucose and accumulation of amyloid and tau, which is useful in showing abnormal metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. Combining MRI and PET allows identification of patients with mixed dementia, with MRI showing white matter injury and PET demonstrating regional impairment of glucose metabolism and deposition of amyloid. Excellent anatomical detail can be observed with 7.0-Tesla MRI. Imaging is the optimal method to follow the effect of treatments since changes in MRI scans are seen prior to those in cognition. This review describes the role of various imaging modalities in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5094143
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-50941432016-11-07 Neuroimaging in vascular cognitive impairment: a state-of-the-art review Heiss, Wolf-Dieter Rosenberg, Gary A. Thiel, Alexander Berlot, Rok de Reuck, Jacques BMC Med Review Imaging is critical in the diagnosis and treatment of dementia, particularly in vascular cognitive impairment, due to the visualization of ischemic and hemorrhagic injury of gray and white matter. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) provide structural and functional information. Clinical MRI is both generally available and versatile – T2-weighted images show infarcts, FLAIR shows white matter changes and lacunar infarcts, and susceptibility-weighted images reveal microbleeds. Diffusion MRI adds another dimension by showing graded damage to white matter, making it more sensitive to white matter injury than FLAIR. Regions of neuroinflammatory disruption of the blood–brain barrier with increased permeability can be quantified and visualized with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. PET shows metabolism of glucose and accumulation of amyloid and tau, which is useful in showing abnormal metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. Combining MRI and PET allows identification of patients with mixed dementia, with MRI showing white matter injury and PET demonstrating regional impairment of glucose metabolism and deposition of amyloid. Excellent anatomical detail can be observed with 7.0-Tesla MRI. Imaging is the optimal method to follow the effect of treatments since changes in MRI scans are seen prior to those in cognition. This review describes the role of various imaging modalities in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment. BioMed Central 2016-11-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5094143/ /pubmed/27806705 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0725-0 Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Heiss, Wolf-Dieter
Rosenberg, Gary A.
Thiel, Alexander
Berlot, Rok
de Reuck, Jacques
Neuroimaging in vascular cognitive impairment: a state-of-the-art review
title Neuroimaging in vascular cognitive impairment: a state-of-the-art review
title_full Neuroimaging in vascular cognitive impairment: a state-of-the-art review
title_fullStr Neuroimaging in vascular cognitive impairment: a state-of-the-art review
title_full_unstemmed Neuroimaging in vascular cognitive impairment: a state-of-the-art review
title_short Neuroimaging in vascular cognitive impairment: a state-of-the-art review
title_sort neuroimaging in vascular cognitive impairment: a state-of-the-art review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5094143/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27806705
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0725-0
work_keys_str_mv AT heisswolfdieter neuroimaginginvascularcognitiveimpairmentastateoftheartreview
AT rosenberggarya neuroimaginginvascularcognitiveimpairmentastateoftheartreview
AT thielalexander neuroimaginginvascularcognitiveimpairmentastateoftheartreview
AT berlotrok neuroimaginginvascularcognitiveimpairmentastateoftheartreview
AT dereuckjacques neuroimaginginvascularcognitiveimpairmentastateoftheartreview