Cargando…

Deciphering the epitranscriptome: A green perspective

The advent of high‐throughput sequencing technologies coupled with new detection methods of RNA modifications has enabled investigation of a new layer of gene regulation − the epitranscriptome. With over 100 known RNA modifications, understanding the repertoire of RNA modifications is a huge underta...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Burgess, Alice, David, Rakesh, Searle, Iain Robert
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5094531/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27172004
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12483
_version_ 1782465119807078400
author Burgess, Alice
David, Rakesh
Searle, Iain Robert
author_facet Burgess, Alice
David, Rakesh
Searle, Iain Robert
author_sort Burgess, Alice
collection PubMed
description The advent of high‐throughput sequencing technologies coupled with new detection methods of RNA modifications has enabled investigation of a new layer of gene regulation − the epitranscriptome. With over 100 known RNA modifications, understanding the repertoire of RNA modifications is a huge undertaking. This review summarizes what is known about RNA modifications with an emphasis on discoveries in plants. RNA ribose modifications, base methylations and pseudouridylation are required for normal development in Arabidopsis, as mutations in the enzymes modifying them have diverse effects on plant development and stress responses. These modifications can regulate RNA structure, turnover and translation. Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA modifications have been mapped extensively and their functions investigated in many organisms, including plants. Recent work exploring the locations, functions and targeting of N(6)‐methyladenosine (m(6)A), 5‐methylcytosine (m(5)C), pseudouridine (Ψ), and additional modifications in mRNAs and ncRNAs are highlighted, as well as those previously known on tRNAs and rRNAs. Many questions remain as to the exact mechanisms of targeting and functions of specific modified sites and whether these modifications have distinct functions in the different classes of RNAs.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5094531
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher John Wiley and Sons Inc.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-50945312016-11-09 Deciphering the epitranscriptome: A green perspective Burgess, Alice David, Rakesh Searle, Iain Robert J Integr Plant Biol Invited Expert Review The advent of high‐throughput sequencing technologies coupled with new detection methods of RNA modifications has enabled investigation of a new layer of gene regulation − the epitranscriptome. With over 100 known RNA modifications, understanding the repertoire of RNA modifications is a huge undertaking. This review summarizes what is known about RNA modifications with an emphasis on discoveries in plants. RNA ribose modifications, base methylations and pseudouridylation are required for normal development in Arabidopsis, as mutations in the enzymes modifying them have diverse effects on plant development and stress responses. These modifications can regulate RNA structure, turnover and translation. Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA modifications have been mapped extensively and their functions investigated in many organisms, including plants. Recent work exploring the locations, functions and targeting of N(6)‐methyladenosine (m(6)A), 5‐methylcytosine (m(5)C), pseudouridine (Ψ), and additional modifications in mRNAs and ncRNAs are highlighted, as well as those previously known on tRNAs and rRNAs. Many questions remain as to the exact mechanisms of targeting and functions of specific modified sites and whether these modifications have distinct functions in the different classes of RNAs. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-06-20 2016-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5094531/ /pubmed/27172004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12483 Text en © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Invited Expert Review
Burgess, Alice
David, Rakesh
Searle, Iain Robert
Deciphering the epitranscriptome: A green perspective
title Deciphering the epitranscriptome: A green perspective
title_full Deciphering the epitranscriptome: A green perspective
title_fullStr Deciphering the epitranscriptome: A green perspective
title_full_unstemmed Deciphering the epitranscriptome: A green perspective
title_short Deciphering the epitranscriptome: A green perspective
title_sort deciphering the epitranscriptome: a green perspective
topic Invited Expert Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5094531/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27172004
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12483
work_keys_str_mv AT burgessalice decipheringtheepitranscriptomeagreenperspective
AT davidrakesh decipheringtheepitranscriptomeagreenperspective
AT searleiainrobert decipheringtheepitranscriptomeagreenperspective