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Survival Outcomes in a Pediatric Antiretroviral Treatment Cohort in Southern Malawi

BACKGROUND: Pediatric uptake and outcomes in antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes have lagged behind adult programmes. We describe outcomes from a population-based pediatric ART cohort in rural southern Malawi. METHODS: Data were analyzed on children who initiated ART from October/2003 –Septemb...

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Autores principales: Brophy, Jason C., Hawkes, Michael T., Mwinjiwa, Edson, Mateyu, Gabriel, Sodhi, Sumeet K., Chan, Adrienne K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5094712/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27812166
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165772
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author Brophy, Jason C.
Hawkes, Michael T.
Mwinjiwa, Edson
Mateyu, Gabriel
Sodhi, Sumeet K.
Chan, Adrienne K.
author_facet Brophy, Jason C.
Hawkes, Michael T.
Mwinjiwa, Edson
Mateyu, Gabriel
Sodhi, Sumeet K.
Chan, Adrienne K.
author_sort Brophy, Jason C.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Pediatric uptake and outcomes in antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes have lagged behind adult programmes. We describe outcomes from a population-based pediatric ART cohort in rural southern Malawi. METHODS: Data were analyzed on children who initiated ART from October/2003 –September/2011. Demographics and diagnoses were described and survival analyses conducted to assess the impact of age, presenting features at enrolment, and drug selection. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 2203 children <15 years of age. Age at entry was <1 year for 219 (10%), 1–1.9 years for 343 (16%), 2–4.9 years for 584 (27%), and 5–15 years for 1057 (48%) patients. Initial clinical diagnoses of tuberculosis and wasting were documented for 409 (19%) and 523 (24%) patients, respectively. Median follow-up time was 1.5 years (range 0–8 years), with 3900 patient-years of follow-up. Over the period of observation, 134 patients (6%) died, 1324 (60%) remained in the cohort, 345 (16%) transferred out, and 387 (18%) defaulted. Infants <1 year of age accounted for 19% of deaths, with a 2.7-fold adjusted mortality hazard ratio relative to 5–15 year olds; median time to death was also shorter for infants (60 days) than older children (108 days). Survival analysis demonstrated younger age at ART initiation, more advanced HIV stage, and presence of tuberculosis to each be associated with shorter survival time. Among children <5 years, severe wasting (weight-for-height z-score </ = -3.0) was also associated with reduced survival. CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative incidence of mortality was 5.2%, 7.1% and 7.7% after 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, with disproportionate mortality in infants <1 year of age and those presenting with tuberculosis. These findings reinforce the urgent need for early diagnosis and treatment in this population, but also demonstrate that provision of pediatric care in a rural setting can yield outcomes comparable to more resourced urban settings of poor countries.
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spelling pubmed-50947122016-11-18 Survival Outcomes in a Pediatric Antiretroviral Treatment Cohort in Southern Malawi Brophy, Jason C. Hawkes, Michael T. Mwinjiwa, Edson Mateyu, Gabriel Sodhi, Sumeet K. Chan, Adrienne K. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Pediatric uptake and outcomes in antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes have lagged behind adult programmes. We describe outcomes from a population-based pediatric ART cohort in rural southern Malawi. METHODS: Data were analyzed on children who initiated ART from October/2003 –September/2011. Demographics and diagnoses were described and survival analyses conducted to assess the impact of age, presenting features at enrolment, and drug selection. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 2203 children <15 years of age. Age at entry was <1 year for 219 (10%), 1–1.9 years for 343 (16%), 2–4.9 years for 584 (27%), and 5–15 years for 1057 (48%) patients. Initial clinical diagnoses of tuberculosis and wasting were documented for 409 (19%) and 523 (24%) patients, respectively. Median follow-up time was 1.5 years (range 0–8 years), with 3900 patient-years of follow-up. Over the period of observation, 134 patients (6%) died, 1324 (60%) remained in the cohort, 345 (16%) transferred out, and 387 (18%) defaulted. Infants <1 year of age accounted for 19% of deaths, with a 2.7-fold adjusted mortality hazard ratio relative to 5–15 year olds; median time to death was also shorter for infants (60 days) than older children (108 days). Survival analysis demonstrated younger age at ART initiation, more advanced HIV stage, and presence of tuberculosis to each be associated with shorter survival time. Among children <5 years, severe wasting (weight-for-height z-score </ = -3.0) was also associated with reduced survival. CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative incidence of mortality was 5.2%, 7.1% and 7.7% after 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, with disproportionate mortality in infants <1 year of age and those presenting with tuberculosis. These findings reinforce the urgent need for early diagnosis and treatment in this population, but also demonstrate that provision of pediatric care in a rural setting can yield outcomes comparable to more resourced urban settings of poor countries. Public Library of Science 2016-11-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5094712/ /pubmed/27812166 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165772 Text en © 2016 Brophy et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Brophy, Jason C.
Hawkes, Michael T.
Mwinjiwa, Edson
Mateyu, Gabriel
Sodhi, Sumeet K.
Chan, Adrienne K.
Survival Outcomes in a Pediatric Antiretroviral Treatment Cohort in Southern Malawi
title Survival Outcomes in a Pediatric Antiretroviral Treatment Cohort in Southern Malawi
title_full Survival Outcomes in a Pediatric Antiretroviral Treatment Cohort in Southern Malawi
title_fullStr Survival Outcomes in a Pediatric Antiretroviral Treatment Cohort in Southern Malawi
title_full_unstemmed Survival Outcomes in a Pediatric Antiretroviral Treatment Cohort in Southern Malawi
title_short Survival Outcomes in a Pediatric Antiretroviral Treatment Cohort in Southern Malawi
title_sort survival outcomes in a pediatric antiretroviral treatment cohort in southern malawi
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5094712/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27812166
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165772
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