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Two species of Southeast Asian cats in the genus Catopuma with diverging histories: an island endemic forest specialist and a widespread habitat generalist

Background. The bay cat Catopuma badia is endemic to Borneo, whereas its sister species the Asian golden cat Catopuma temminckii is distributed from the Himalayas and southern China through Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. Based on morphological data, up to five subspecies of the Asian go...

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Autores principales: Patel, Riddhi P., Förster, Daniel W., Kitchener, Andrew C., Rayan, Mark D., Mohamed, Shariff W., Werner, Laura, Lenz, Dorina, Pfestorf, Hans, Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Radchuk, Viktoriia, Fickel, Jörns, Wilting, Andreas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5098974/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27853549
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160350
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author Patel, Riddhi P.
Förster, Daniel W.
Kitchener, Andrew C.
Rayan, Mark D.
Mohamed, Shariff W.
Werner, Laura
Lenz, Dorina
Pfestorf, Hans
Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
Radchuk, Viktoriia
Fickel, Jörns
Wilting, Andreas
author_facet Patel, Riddhi P.
Förster, Daniel W.
Kitchener, Andrew C.
Rayan, Mark D.
Mohamed, Shariff W.
Werner, Laura
Lenz, Dorina
Pfestorf, Hans
Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
Radchuk, Viktoriia
Fickel, Jörns
Wilting, Andreas
author_sort Patel, Riddhi P.
collection PubMed
description Background. The bay cat Catopuma badia is endemic to Borneo, whereas its sister species the Asian golden cat Catopuma temminckii is distributed from the Himalayas and southern China through Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. Based on morphological data, up to five subspecies of the Asian golden cat have been recognized, but a taxonomic assessment, including molecular data and morphological characters, is still lacking. Results. We combined molecular data (whole mitochondrial genomes), morphological data (pelage) and species distribution projections (up to the Late Pleistocene) to infer how environmental changes may have influenced the distribution of these sister species over the past 120 000 years. The molecular analysis was based on sequenced mitogenomes of 3 bay cats and 40 Asian golden cats derived mainly from archival samples. Our molecular data suggested a time of split between the two species approximately 3.16 Ma and revealed very low nucleotide diversity within the Asian golden cat population, which supports recent expansion of the population. Discussion. The low nucleotide diversity suggested a population bottleneck in the Asian golden cat, possibly caused by the eruption of the Toba volcano in Northern Sumatra (approx. 74 kya), followed by a continuous population expansion in the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene. Species distribution projections, the reconstruction of the demographic history, a genetic isolation-by-distance pattern and a gradual variation of pelage pattern support the hypothesis of a post-Toba population expansion of the Asian golden cat from south China/Indochina to Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. Our findings reject the current classification of five subspecies for the Asian golden cat, but instead support either a monotypic species or one comprising two subspecies: (i) the Sunda golden cat, distributed south of the Isthmus of Kra: C. t. temminckii and (ii) Indochinese, Indian, Himalayan and Chinese golden cats, occurring north of the Isthmus: C. t. moormensis.
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spelling pubmed-50989742016-11-16 Two species of Southeast Asian cats in the genus Catopuma with diverging histories: an island endemic forest specialist and a widespread habitat generalist Patel, Riddhi P. Förster, Daniel W. Kitchener, Andrew C. Rayan, Mark D. Mohamed, Shariff W. Werner, Laura Lenz, Dorina Pfestorf, Hans Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie Radchuk, Viktoriia Fickel, Jörns Wilting, Andreas R Soc Open Sci Biology (Whole Organism) Background. The bay cat Catopuma badia is endemic to Borneo, whereas its sister species the Asian golden cat Catopuma temminckii is distributed from the Himalayas and southern China through Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. Based on morphological data, up to five subspecies of the Asian golden cat have been recognized, but a taxonomic assessment, including molecular data and morphological characters, is still lacking. Results. We combined molecular data (whole mitochondrial genomes), morphological data (pelage) and species distribution projections (up to the Late Pleistocene) to infer how environmental changes may have influenced the distribution of these sister species over the past 120 000 years. The molecular analysis was based on sequenced mitogenomes of 3 bay cats and 40 Asian golden cats derived mainly from archival samples. Our molecular data suggested a time of split between the two species approximately 3.16 Ma and revealed very low nucleotide diversity within the Asian golden cat population, which supports recent expansion of the population. Discussion. The low nucleotide diversity suggested a population bottleneck in the Asian golden cat, possibly caused by the eruption of the Toba volcano in Northern Sumatra (approx. 74 kya), followed by a continuous population expansion in the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene. Species distribution projections, the reconstruction of the demographic history, a genetic isolation-by-distance pattern and a gradual variation of pelage pattern support the hypothesis of a post-Toba population expansion of the Asian golden cat from south China/Indochina to Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. Our findings reject the current classification of five subspecies for the Asian golden cat, but instead support either a monotypic species or one comprising two subspecies: (i) the Sunda golden cat, distributed south of the Isthmus of Kra: C. t. temminckii and (ii) Indochinese, Indian, Himalayan and Chinese golden cats, occurring north of the Isthmus: C. t. moormensis. The Royal Society 2016-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5098974/ /pubmed/27853549 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160350 Text en © 2016 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Biology (Whole Organism)
Patel, Riddhi P.
Förster, Daniel W.
Kitchener, Andrew C.
Rayan, Mark D.
Mohamed, Shariff W.
Werner, Laura
Lenz, Dorina
Pfestorf, Hans
Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
Radchuk, Viktoriia
Fickel, Jörns
Wilting, Andreas
Two species of Southeast Asian cats in the genus Catopuma with diverging histories: an island endemic forest specialist and a widespread habitat generalist
title Two species of Southeast Asian cats in the genus Catopuma with diverging histories: an island endemic forest specialist and a widespread habitat generalist
title_full Two species of Southeast Asian cats in the genus Catopuma with diverging histories: an island endemic forest specialist and a widespread habitat generalist
title_fullStr Two species of Southeast Asian cats in the genus Catopuma with diverging histories: an island endemic forest specialist and a widespread habitat generalist
title_full_unstemmed Two species of Southeast Asian cats in the genus Catopuma with diverging histories: an island endemic forest specialist and a widespread habitat generalist
title_short Two species of Southeast Asian cats in the genus Catopuma with diverging histories: an island endemic forest specialist and a widespread habitat generalist
title_sort two species of southeast asian cats in the genus catopuma with diverging histories: an island endemic forest specialist and a widespread habitat generalist
topic Biology (Whole Organism)
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5098974/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27853549
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160350
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