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Pre-hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings: a systematic literature review

BACKGROUND: Mass casualty civilian shootings present an uncommon but recurring challenge to emergency services around the world and produce unique management demands. On the background of a rising threat of transnational terrorism worldwide, emergency response strategies are of critical importance....

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Autores principales: Turner, Conor D. A., Lockey, David J., Rehn, Marius
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5101656/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27825363
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1543-7
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author Turner, Conor D. A.
Lockey, David J.
Rehn, Marius
author_facet Turner, Conor D. A.
Lockey, David J.
Rehn, Marius
author_sort Turner, Conor D. A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Mass casualty civilian shootings present an uncommon but recurring challenge to emergency services around the world and produce unique management demands. On the background of a rising threat of transnational terrorism worldwide, emergency response strategies are of critical importance. This study aims to systematically identify, describe and appraise the quality of indexed and non-indexed literature on the pre-hospital management of modern civilian mass shootings to guide future practice. METHODS: Systematic literature searches of PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scopus were conducted in conjunction with simple searches of non-indexed databases; Web of Science, OpenDOAR and Evidence Search. The searches were last carried out on 20 April 2016 and only identified those papers published after the 1 January 1980. Included documents had to contain descriptions, discussions or experiences of the pre-hospital management of civilian mass shootings. RESULTS: From the 494 identified manuscripts, 73 were selected on abstract and title and after full text reading 47 were selected for inclusion in analysis. The search yielded reports of 17 mass shooting events, the majority from the USA with additions from France, Norway, the UK and Kenya. Between 1994 and 2015 the shooting of 1649 people with 578 deaths at 17 separate events are described. Quality appraisal demonstrated considerable heterogeneity in reporting and revealed limited data on mass shootings globally. CONCLUSION: Key themes were identified to improve future practice: tactical emergency medical support may harmonise inner cordon interventions, a need for inter-service education on effective haemorrhage control, the value of senior triage operators and the need for regular mass casualty incident simulation.
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spelling pubmed-51016562016-11-10 Pre-hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings: a systematic literature review Turner, Conor D. A. Lockey, David J. Rehn, Marius Crit Care Research BACKGROUND: Mass casualty civilian shootings present an uncommon but recurring challenge to emergency services around the world and produce unique management demands. On the background of a rising threat of transnational terrorism worldwide, emergency response strategies are of critical importance. This study aims to systematically identify, describe and appraise the quality of indexed and non-indexed literature on the pre-hospital management of modern civilian mass shootings to guide future practice. METHODS: Systematic literature searches of PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scopus were conducted in conjunction with simple searches of non-indexed databases; Web of Science, OpenDOAR and Evidence Search. The searches were last carried out on 20 April 2016 and only identified those papers published after the 1 January 1980. Included documents had to contain descriptions, discussions or experiences of the pre-hospital management of civilian mass shootings. RESULTS: From the 494 identified manuscripts, 73 were selected on abstract and title and after full text reading 47 were selected for inclusion in analysis. The search yielded reports of 17 mass shooting events, the majority from the USA with additions from France, Norway, the UK and Kenya. Between 1994 and 2015 the shooting of 1649 people with 578 deaths at 17 separate events are described. Quality appraisal demonstrated considerable heterogeneity in reporting and revealed limited data on mass shootings globally. CONCLUSION: Key themes were identified to improve future practice: tactical emergency medical support may harmonise inner cordon interventions, a need for inter-service education on effective haemorrhage control, the value of senior triage operators and the need for regular mass casualty incident simulation. BioMed Central 2016-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5101656/ /pubmed/27825363 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1543-7 Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Turner, Conor D. A.
Lockey, David J.
Rehn, Marius
Pre-hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings: a systematic literature review
title Pre-hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings: a systematic literature review
title_full Pre-hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings: a systematic literature review
title_fullStr Pre-hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings: a systematic literature review
title_full_unstemmed Pre-hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings: a systematic literature review
title_short Pre-hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings: a systematic literature review
title_sort pre-hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings: a systematic literature review
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5101656/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27825363
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1543-7
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