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How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes

Extensive sampling and metagenomics analyses of plankton communities across all aquatic environments are beginning to provide insights into the ecology of microbial communities. In particular, the importance of metabolic exchanges that provide a foundation for ecological interactions between microor...

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Autores principales: Kazamia, Elena, Helliwell, Katherine Emma, Purton, Saul, Smith, Alison Gail
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5103174/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27282316
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12615
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author Kazamia, Elena
Helliwell, Katherine Emma
Purton, Saul
Smith, Alison Gail
author_facet Kazamia, Elena
Helliwell, Katherine Emma
Purton, Saul
Smith, Alison Gail
author_sort Kazamia, Elena
collection PubMed
description Extensive sampling and metagenomics analyses of plankton communities across all aquatic environments are beginning to provide insights into the ecology of microbial communities. In particular, the importance of metabolic exchanges that provide a foundation for ecological interactions between microorganisms has emerged as a key factor in forging such communities. Here we show how both studies of environmental samples and physiological experimentation in the laboratory with defined microbial co‐cultures are being used to decipher the metabolic and molecular underpinnings of such exchanges. In addition, we explain how metabolic modelling may be used to conduct investigations in reverse, deducing novel molecular exchanges from analysis of large‐scale data sets, which can identify persistently co‐occurring species. Finally, we consider how knowledge of microbial community ecology can be built into evolutionary theories tailored to these species’ unique lifestyles. We propose a novel model for the evolution of metabolic auxotrophy in microorganisms that arises as a result of symbiosis, termed the Foraging‐to‐Farming hypothesis. The model has testable predictions, fits several known examples of mutualism in the aquatic world, and sheds light on how interactions, which cement dependencies within communities of microorganisms, might be initiated.
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spelling pubmed-51031742016-11-16 How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes Kazamia, Elena Helliwell, Katherine Emma Purton, Saul Smith, Alison Gail Ecol Lett Review and Synthesis Extensive sampling and metagenomics analyses of plankton communities across all aquatic environments are beginning to provide insights into the ecology of microbial communities. In particular, the importance of metabolic exchanges that provide a foundation for ecological interactions between microorganisms has emerged as a key factor in forging such communities. Here we show how both studies of environmental samples and physiological experimentation in the laboratory with defined microbial co‐cultures are being used to decipher the metabolic and molecular underpinnings of such exchanges. In addition, we explain how metabolic modelling may be used to conduct investigations in reverse, deducing novel molecular exchanges from analysis of large‐scale data sets, which can identify persistently co‐occurring species. Finally, we consider how knowledge of microbial community ecology can be built into evolutionary theories tailored to these species’ unique lifestyles. We propose a novel model for the evolution of metabolic auxotrophy in microorganisms that arises as a result of symbiosis, termed the Foraging‐to‐Farming hypothesis. The model has testable predictions, fits several known examples of mutualism in the aquatic world, and sheds light on how interactions, which cement dependencies within communities of microorganisms, might be initiated. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-06-10 2016-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5103174/ /pubmed/27282316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12615 Text en © 2016 The Authors Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review and Synthesis
Kazamia, Elena
Helliwell, Katherine Emma
Purton, Saul
Smith, Alison Gail
How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes
title How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes
title_full How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes
title_fullStr How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes
title_full_unstemmed How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes
title_short How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes
title_sort how mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes
topic Review and Synthesis
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5103174/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27282316
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12615
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