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How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes
Extensive sampling and metagenomics analyses of plankton communities across all aquatic environments are beginning to provide insights into the ecology of microbial communities. In particular, the importance of metabolic exchanges that provide a foundation for ecological interactions between microor...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5103174/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27282316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12615 |
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author | Kazamia, Elena Helliwell, Katherine Emma Purton, Saul Smith, Alison Gail |
author_facet | Kazamia, Elena Helliwell, Katherine Emma Purton, Saul Smith, Alison Gail |
author_sort | Kazamia, Elena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Extensive sampling and metagenomics analyses of plankton communities across all aquatic environments are beginning to provide insights into the ecology of microbial communities. In particular, the importance of metabolic exchanges that provide a foundation for ecological interactions between microorganisms has emerged as a key factor in forging such communities. Here we show how both studies of environmental samples and physiological experimentation in the laboratory with defined microbial co‐cultures are being used to decipher the metabolic and molecular underpinnings of such exchanges. In addition, we explain how metabolic modelling may be used to conduct investigations in reverse, deducing novel molecular exchanges from analysis of large‐scale data sets, which can identify persistently co‐occurring species. Finally, we consider how knowledge of microbial community ecology can be built into evolutionary theories tailored to these species’ unique lifestyles. We propose a novel model for the evolution of metabolic auxotrophy in microorganisms that arises as a result of symbiosis, termed the Foraging‐to‐Farming hypothesis. The model has testable predictions, fits several known examples of mutualism in the aquatic world, and sheds light on how interactions, which cement dependencies within communities of microorganisms, might be initiated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5103174 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51031742016-11-16 How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes Kazamia, Elena Helliwell, Katherine Emma Purton, Saul Smith, Alison Gail Ecol Lett Review and Synthesis Extensive sampling and metagenomics analyses of plankton communities across all aquatic environments are beginning to provide insights into the ecology of microbial communities. In particular, the importance of metabolic exchanges that provide a foundation for ecological interactions between microorganisms has emerged as a key factor in forging such communities. Here we show how both studies of environmental samples and physiological experimentation in the laboratory with defined microbial co‐cultures are being used to decipher the metabolic and molecular underpinnings of such exchanges. In addition, we explain how metabolic modelling may be used to conduct investigations in reverse, deducing novel molecular exchanges from analysis of large‐scale data sets, which can identify persistently co‐occurring species. Finally, we consider how knowledge of microbial community ecology can be built into evolutionary theories tailored to these species’ unique lifestyles. We propose a novel model for the evolution of metabolic auxotrophy in microorganisms that arises as a result of symbiosis, termed the Foraging‐to‐Farming hypothesis. The model has testable predictions, fits several known examples of mutualism in the aquatic world, and sheds light on how interactions, which cement dependencies within communities of microorganisms, might be initiated. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-06-10 2016-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5103174/ /pubmed/27282316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12615 Text en © 2016 The Authors Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review and Synthesis Kazamia, Elena Helliwell, Katherine Emma Purton, Saul Smith, Alison Gail How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes |
title | How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes |
title_full | How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes |
title_fullStr | How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes |
title_full_unstemmed | How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes |
title_short | How mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes |
title_sort | how mutualisms arise in phytoplankton communities: building eco‐evolutionary principles for aquatic microbes |
topic | Review and Synthesis |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5103174/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27282316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12615 |
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