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Qairooti (Cerate or Cera Beeswax Salve) in Traditional Iranian Pharmacy

BACKGROUND: Qairooti (Cerate), a medicinal salve or ointment, compounded of wax and oil, is a formulation used alone or as a basis for medicinal dosage forms. It is widely used from the ancient times to the present. Based on its structure, beeswax has unique characteristics. It builds stable emulsio...

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Autores principales: Mosleh, Ghazaleh, Badr, Parmis
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5103587/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27840474
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author Mosleh, Ghazaleh
Badr, Parmis
author_facet Mosleh, Ghazaleh
Badr, Parmis
author_sort Mosleh, Ghazaleh
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Qairooti (Cerate), a medicinal salve or ointment, compounded of wax and oil, is a formulation used alone or as a basis for medicinal dosage forms. It is widely used from the ancient times to the present. Based on its structure, beeswax has unique characteristics. It builds stable emulsions and increases water absorbance of creams and ointments. The aim of this study was to gather all pharmaceutical information about preparing Qairooti products from traditional pharmacopoeaes, such as the various types of Qairooti and their preparation methods. METHODS: In this article, various types of Qairooti, their producing method and related indications have been discussed based on the main medical Persian manuscripts including Al-Canon fil tibb (Canon of Avicenna), Gharabadin-e-Kabir, Gharabadin-e-Salehi, Exir-e-Azam, Alhavi, Kamel-al-sanaat, Zakhireh-ye Khwarazm shahi, al-Shamel-fi-sanawat-al-tebie, Ekhtiarate badiee, Kholasat-al-tajarob, Tib-e-Akbari, Mofareh al-gholoob, Makhzan-ul-Adwiah, Hedayat-al-motealemin-fi-al-tibb, Altasrif-le-man-ajeza-an-talif, etc. RESULTS: About 500 different formulations from the above-mentioned manuscripts were found and their preparation method and other required information were collected. The amounts of oil and wax in Qairooti are not fixed and depend on different factors; providing the best consistency and appearance of the formulation, such as seasonal temperature. In order to prepare cerate, wax has to be melted by indirect heat and then mixed with the isothermal oil. Mixing process should be performed precisely to provide a homogenized product. If the multi-ingredient cerate is needed, other constituents have to be added to the warm mixture of oil and wax. CONCLUSION: There are many kinds of Qairooti in traditional Iranian pharmacopoeias recommended for different indications. Cerate was a common medication for injuries and wounds. Although it is still used in conventional medicine, some clinical applications in traditional Iranian medicine have been forgotten nowadays. It is recommended that we have a smarter approach to the traditional pharmacopoeias in order to use past experience and transcend existing knowledge of modern pharmacy.
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spelling pubmed-51035872016-11-11 Qairooti (Cerate or Cera Beeswax Salve) in Traditional Iranian Pharmacy Mosleh, Ghazaleh Badr, Parmis Iran J Med Sci Oral BACKGROUND: Qairooti (Cerate), a medicinal salve or ointment, compounded of wax and oil, is a formulation used alone or as a basis for medicinal dosage forms. It is widely used from the ancient times to the present. Based on its structure, beeswax has unique characteristics. It builds stable emulsions and increases water absorbance of creams and ointments. The aim of this study was to gather all pharmaceutical information about preparing Qairooti products from traditional pharmacopoeaes, such as the various types of Qairooti and their preparation methods. METHODS: In this article, various types of Qairooti, their producing method and related indications have been discussed based on the main medical Persian manuscripts including Al-Canon fil tibb (Canon of Avicenna), Gharabadin-e-Kabir, Gharabadin-e-Salehi, Exir-e-Azam, Alhavi, Kamel-al-sanaat, Zakhireh-ye Khwarazm shahi, al-Shamel-fi-sanawat-al-tebie, Ekhtiarate badiee, Kholasat-al-tajarob, Tib-e-Akbari, Mofareh al-gholoob, Makhzan-ul-Adwiah, Hedayat-al-motealemin-fi-al-tibb, Altasrif-le-man-ajeza-an-talif, etc. RESULTS: About 500 different formulations from the above-mentioned manuscripts were found and their preparation method and other required information were collected. The amounts of oil and wax in Qairooti are not fixed and depend on different factors; providing the best consistency and appearance of the formulation, such as seasonal temperature. In order to prepare cerate, wax has to be melted by indirect heat and then mixed with the isothermal oil. Mixing process should be performed precisely to provide a homogenized product. If the multi-ingredient cerate is needed, other constituents have to be added to the warm mixture of oil and wax. CONCLUSION: There are many kinds of Qairooti in traditional Iranian pharmacopoeias recommended for different indications. Cerate was a common medication for injuries and wounds. Although it is still used in conventional medicine, some clinical applications in traditional Iranian medicine have been forgotten nowadays. It is recommended that we have a smarter approach to the traditional pharmacopoeias in order to use past experience and transcend existing knowledge of modern pharmacy. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences 2016-05 /pmc/articles/PMC5103587/ /pubmed/27840474 Text en Copyright: © Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Oral
Mosleh, Ghazaleh
Badr, Parmis
Qairooti (Cerate or Cera Beeswax Salve) in Traditional Iranian Pharmacy
title Qairooti (Cerate or Cera Beeswax Salve) in Traditional Iranian Pharmacy
title_full Qairooti (Cerate or Cera Beeswax Salve) in Traditional Iranian Pharmacy
title_fullStr Qairooti (Cerate or Cera Beeswax Salve) in Traditional Iranian Pharmacy
title_full_unstemmed Qairooti (Cerate or Cera Beeswax Salve) in Traditional Iranian Pharmacy
title_short Qairooti (Cerate or Cera Beeswax Salve) in Traditional Iranian Pharmacy
title_sort qairooti (cerate or cera beeswax salve) in traditional iranian pharmacy
topic Oral
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5103587/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27840474
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