Analysis of real-time three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of left atrial appendage function in patients with atrial fibrillation

The aim of the study was to examine changes in left atrial appendage volume (LAA-V) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) using real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3D-TEE) and evaluate the prediction value on the high risk of thrombosis of LAA. Using RT3D-TEE we measured: i) LAA peak empty velocity (LAA-PEV), ii) LAA-V including LAA end-diastolic volume (LAA-EDV) and end-systolic volume (LAA-ESV). We also calculated LAA ejection fraction (LAA-EF). RT3D-TEE was applied in 20 control cases and 74 patients with non-valvular AF. According to the presence of thrombosis, 74 patients were divided into the no thrombosis group (NTH group, n=52) and thrombosis group (TH group, n=22). Our results showed that there were significant differences in LAA-V and LAA-EF values in different groups (P<0.05). LAA-EDV moderately correlated with LAA-PEV (r=−0.531, P<0.001) while LAA-ESV demonstrated a strong correlation with LAA-PEV (r=−0.741, P<0.001). LAA-EF also showed a strong correlation with LAA-PEV (r=0.693, P<0.001). Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the cut-off values of LAA-EDV and LAA-ESV in thrombosis of LAA were 18.45 and 9.69 ml, respectively. RT3D-TEE effectively evaluated the LAA-V, LAA-PEV and LAA-EF parameters, and proved to be valuable in the process of evaluation of thrombosis of LAA.