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The Origin of Social Evaluation, Social Eavesdropping, Reputation Formation, Image Scoring or What You Will

Social evaluation is a mental process that leverages the preference toward prosocial partners (positivity bias) against the avoidance of antisocial individuals (negativity bias) in a cooperative context. The phenomenon is well-known in humans, and recently comparative investigations looked at the po...

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Autores principales: Abdai, Judit, Miklósi, Ádám
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5107560/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27895610
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01772
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author Abdai, Judit
Miklósi, Ádám
author_facet Abdai, Judit
Miklósi, Ádám
author_sort Abdai, Judit
collection PubMed
description Social evaluation is a mental process that leverages the preference toward prosocial partners (positivity bias) against the avoidance of antisocial individuals (negativity bias) in a cooperative context. The phenomenon is well-known in humans, and recently comparative investigations looked at the possible evolutionary origins. So far social evaluation has been investigated mainly in non-human and human primates and dogs, however, there are few data on the presence of negativity/positivity bias in client-cleaner reef fish interactions as well. Unfortunately, the comparative approach to social evaluation is hindered by conceptual and procedural differences in experimental studies. By reviewing current knowledge on social evaluation in different species, we aim to point out that the capacity for social evaluation is not restricted to humans alone; however, its building blocks (negativity and positivity bias) may be more widespread separately. Due to its importance in survival, negativity bias likely to be widespread among animals; however, there has been less intensive selective pressure for the identification of prosocial companions, thus the latter ability may have emerged only in certain social species. We present a general framework and argue that negativity and positivity bias evolve independently and can be considered as social evaluation only if a unified behavior and cognitive system deals with both biases in concert.
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spelling pubmed-51075602016-11-28 The Origin of Social Evaluation, Social Eavesdropping, Reputation Formation, Image Scoring or What You Will Abdai, Judit Miklósi, Ádám Front Psychol Psychology Social evaluation is a mental process that leverages the preference toward prosocial partners (positivity bias) against the avoidance of antisocial individuals (negativity bias) in a cooperative context. The phenomenon is well-known in humans, and recently comparative investigations looked at the possible evolutionary origins. So far social evaluation has been investigated mainly in non-human and human primates and dogs, however, there are few data on the presence of negativity/positivity bias in client-cleaner reef fish interactions as well. Unfortunately, the comparative approach to social evaluation is hindered by conceptual and procedural differences in experimental studies. By reviewing current knowledge on social evaluation in different species, we aim to point out that the capacity for social evaluation is not restricted to humans alone; however, its building blocks (negativity and positivity bias) may be more widespread separately. Due to its importance in survival, negativity bias likely to be widespread among animals; however, there has been less intensive selective pressure for the identification of prosocial companions, thus the latter ability may have emerged only in certain social species. We present a general framework and argue that negativity and positivity bias evolve independently and can be considered as social evaluation only if a unified behavior and cognitive system deals with both biases in concert. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5107560/ /pubmed/27895610 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01772 Text en Copyright © 2016 Abdai and Miklósi. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Abdai, Judit
Miklósi, Ádám
The Origin of Social Evaluation, Social Eavesdropping, Reputation Formation, Image Scoring or What You Will
title The Origin of Social Evaluation, Social Eavesdropping, Reputation Formation, Image Scoring or What You Will
title_full The Origin of Social Evaluation, Social Eavesdropping, Reputation Formation, Image Scoring or What You Will
title_fullStr The Origin of Social Evaluation, Social Eavesdropping, Reputation Formation, Image Scoring or What You Will
title_full_unstemmed The Origin of Social Evaluation, Social Eavesdropping, Reputation Formation, Image Scoring or What You Will
title_short The Origin of Social Evaluation, Social Eavesdropping, Reputation Formation, Image Scoring or What You Will
title_sort origin of social evaluation, social eavesdropping, reputation formation, image scoring or what you will
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5107560/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27895610
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01772
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