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Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles

Multidrug resistance of the pathogenic microorganisms to the antimicrobial drugs has become a major impediment toward successful diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. Recent advancements in nanotechnology-based medicines have opened new horizons for combating multidrug resistance in micro...

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Autores principales: Dakal, Tikam Chand, Kumar, Anu, Majumdar, Rita S., Yadav, Vinod
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5110546/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899918
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01831
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author Dakal, Tikam Chand
Kumar, Anu
Majumdar, Rita S.
Yadav, Vinod
author_facet Dakal, Tikam Chand
Kumar, Anu
Majumdar, Rita S.
Yadav, Vinod
author_sort Dakal, Tikam Chand
collection PubMed
description Multidrug resistance of the pathogenic microorganisms to the antimicrobial drugs has become a major impediment toward successful diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. Recent advancements in nanotechnology-based medicines have opened new horizons for combating multidrug resistance in microorganisms. In particular, the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a potent antibacterial agent has received much attention. The most critical physico-chemical parameters that affect the antimicrobial potential of AgNPs include size, shape, surface charge, concentration and colloidal state. AgNPs exhibits their antimicrobial potential through multifaceted mechanisms. AgNPs adhesion to microbial cells, penetration inside the cells, ROS and free radical generation, and modulation of microbial signal transduction pathways have been recognized as the most prominent modes of antimicrobial action. On the other side, AgNPs exposure to human cells induces cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and inflammatory response in human cells in a cell-type dependent manner. This has raised concerns regarding use of AgNPs in therapeutics and drug delivery. We have summarized the emerging endeavors that address current challenges in relation to safe use of AgNPs in therapeutics and drug delivery platforms. Based on research done so far, we believe that AgNPs can be engineered so as to increase their efficacy, stability, specificity, biosafety and biocompatibility. In this regard, three perspectives research directions have been suggested that include (1) synthesizing AgNPs with controlled physico-chemical properties, (2) examining microbial development of resistance toward AgNPs, and (3) ascertaining the susceptibility of cytoxicity, genotoxicity, and inflammatory response to human cells upon AgNPs exposure.
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spelling pubmed-51105462016-11-29 Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles Dakal, Tikam Chand Kumar, Anu Majumdar, Rita S. Yadav, Vinod Front Microbiol Microbiology Multidrug resistance of the pathogenic microorganisms to the antimicrobial drugs has become a major impediment toward successful diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. Recent advancements in nanotechnology-based medicines have opened new horizons for combating multidrug resistance in microorganisms. In particular, the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a potent antibacterial agent has received much attention. The most critical physico-chemical parameters that affect the antimicrobial potential of AgNPs include size, shape, surface charge, concentration and colloidal state. AgNPs exhibits their antimicrobial potential through multifaceted mechanisms. AgNPs adhesion to microbial cells, penetration inside the cells, ROS and free radical generation, and modulation of microbial signal transduction pathways have been recognized as the most prominent modes of antimicrobial action. On the other side, AgNPs exposure to human cells induces cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and inflammatory response in human cells in a cell-type dependent manner. This has raised concerns regarding use of AgNPs in therapeutics and drug delivery. We have summarized the emerging endeavors that address current challenges in relation to safe use of AgNPs in therapeutics and drug delivery platforms. Based on research done so far, we believe that AgNPs can be engineered so as to increase their efficacy, stability, specificity, biosafety and biocompatibility. In this regard, three perspectives research directions have been suggested that include (1) synthesizing AgNPs with controlled physico-chemical properties, (2) examining microbial development of resistance toward AgNPs, and (3) ascertaining the susceptibility of cytoxicity, genotoxicity, and inflammatory response to human cells upon AgNPs exposure. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC5110546/ /pubmed/27899918 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01831 Text en Copyright © 2016 Dakal, Kumar, Majumdar and Yadav. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Dakal, Tikam Chand
Kumar, Anu
Majumdar, Rita S.
Yadav, Vinod
Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles
title Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles
title_full Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles
title_fullStr Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles
title_short Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles
title_sort mechanistic basis of antimicrobial actions of silver nanoparticles
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5110546/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899918
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01831
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