Impact of Chronic Kidney Insufficiency on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients that Undergo Coronary Revascularization: A Historical Review

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with poorer short and long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Even after the commencement of haemodialysis in end stage renal failure patients, mortality exceeds 20% in the first year(1). More than 50% of these deaths are contributed by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), of which 20% are caused by acute myocardial infarction(2). Consequent to these findings, the degree and impact of coronary revascularization on CKD patients represents a clinical challenge, especially in the setting of advanced stages of CKD.