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Sprint Start Kinetics of Amputee and Non-Amputee Sprinters

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the forces applied to the starting blocks and the start performances (SPs) of amputee sprinters (ASs) and non-amputee sprinters (NASs). SPs of 154 male and female NASs (100-m personal records [PRs], 9.58–14.00 s) and 7 male ASs (3 uni...

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Autores principales: Willwacher, Steffen, Herrmann, Volker, Heinrich, Kai, Funken, Johannes, Strutzenberger, Gerda, Goldmann, Jan-Peter, Braunstein, Björn, Brazil, Adam, Irwin, Gareth, Potthast, Wolfgang, Brüggemann, Gert-Peter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5112920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27846241
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166219
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author Willwacher, Steffen
Herrmann, Volker
Heinrich, Kai
Funken, Johannes
Strutzenberger, Gerda
Goldmann, Jan-Peter
Braunstein, Björn
Brazil, Adam
Irwin, Gareth
Potthast, Wolfgang
Brüggemann, Gert-Peter
author_facet Willwacher, Steffen
Herrmann, Volker
Heinrich, Kai
Funken, Johannes
Strutzenberger, Gerda
Goldmann, Jan-Peter
Braunstein, Björn
Brazil, Adam
Irwin, Gareth
Potthast, Wolfgang
Brüggemann, Gert-Peter
author_sort Willwacher, Steffen
collection PubMed
description The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the forces applied to the starting blocks and the start performances (SPs) of amputee sprinters (ASs) and non-amputee sprinters (NASs). SPs of 154 male and female NASs (100-m personal records [PRs], 9.58–14.00 s) and 7 male ASs (3 unilateral above knee, 3 unilateral below knee, 1 bilateral below knee; 100 m PRs, 11.70–12.70 s) with running specific prostheses (RSPs) were analysed during full-effort sprint starts using instrumented starting blocks that measured the applied forces in 3D. Using the NAS dataset and a combination of factor analysis and multiple regression techniques, we explored the relationship between force characteristics and SP (quantified by normalized average horizontal block power). Start kinetics were subsequently compared between ASs and NASs who were matched based on their absolute 100 m PR and their 100 m PR relative to the world record in their starting class. In NASs, 86% of the variance in SP was shared with five latent factors on which measured parameters related to force application to the rear and front blocks and the respective push-off directions in the sagittal plane of motion were loaded. Mediolateral force application had little influence on SP. The SP of ASs was significantly reduced compared to that of NASs matched on the basis of relative 100-m PR (−33.8%; d = 2.11, p < 0.001), while a non-significant performance reduction was observed when absolute 100-m PRs were used (−17.7%; d = 0.79, p = 0.09). These results are at least partially explained by the fact that force application to the rear block was clearly impaired in the affected legs of ASs.
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spelling pubmed-51129202016-12-08 Sprint Start Kinetics of Amputee and Non-Amputee Sprinters Willwacher, Steffen Herrmann, Volker Heinrich, Kai Funken, Johannes Strutzenberger, Gerda Goldmann, Jan-Peter Braunstein, Björn Brazil, Adam Irwin, Gareth Potthast, Wolfgang Brüggemann, Gert-Peter PLoS One Research Article The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the forces applied to the starting blocks and the start performances (SPs) of amputee sprinters (ASs) and non-amputee sprinters (NASs). SPs of 154 male and female NASs (100-m personal records [PRs], 9.58–14.00 s) and 7 male ASs (3 unilateral above knee, 3 unilateral below knee, 1 bilateral below knee; 100 m PRs, 11.70–12.70 s) with running specific prostheses (RSPs) were analysed during full-effort sprint starts using instrumented starting blocks that measured the applied forces in 3D. Using the NAS dataset and a combination of factor analysis and multiple regression techniques, we explored the relationship between force characteristics and SP (quantified by normalized average horizontal block power). Start kinetics were subsequently compared between ASs and NASs who were matched based on their absolute 100 m PR and their 100 m PR relative to the world record in their starting class. In NASs, 86% of the variance in SP was shared with five latent factors on which measured parameters related to force application to the rear and front blocks and the respective push-off directions in the sagittal plane of motion were loaded. Mediolateral force application had little influence on SP. The SP of ASs was significantly reduced compared to that of NASs matched on the basis of relative 100-m PR (−33.8%; d = 2.11, p < 0.001), while a non-significant performance reduction was observed when absolute 100-m PRs were used (−17.7%; d = 0.79, p = 0.09). These results are at least partially explained by the fact that force application to the rear block was clearly impaired in the affected legs of ASs. Public Library of Science 2016-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5112920/ /pubmed/27846241 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166219 Text en © 2016 Willwacher et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Willwacher, Steffen
Herrmann, Volker
Heinrich, Kai
Funken, Johannes
Strutzenberger, Gerda
Goldmann, Jan-Peter
Braunstein, Björn
Brazil, Adam
Irwin, Gareth
Potthast, Wolfgang
Brüggemann, Gert-Peter
Sprint Start Kinetics of Amputee and Non-Amputee Sprinters
title Sprint Start Kinetics of Amputee and Non-Amputee Sprinters
title_full Sprint Start Kinetics of Amputee and Non-Amputee Sprinters
title_fullStr Sprint Start Kinetics of Amputee and Non-Amputee Sprinters
title_full_unstemmed Sprint Start Kinetics of Amputee and Non-Amputee Sprinters
title_short Sprint Start Kinetics of Amputee and Non-Amputee Sprinters
title_sort sprint start kinetics of amputee and non-amputee sprinters
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5112920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27846241
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166219
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